Abstract

SIGUENZA OROZCO, Salvador. The state educational system and the early years of the federalization of education in the northern Sierra of Oaxaca (1920-1942). Relac. Estud. hist. soc. [online]. 2015, vol.36, n.143, pp.129-159. ISSN 2448-7554.

This text offers a broad panorama of two decades of educational service in Oaxaca, Mexico, divided into three sections. The first examines the period of co-existence of two educational systems (one state, the other federal), identifies some of their features in legal, administrative and hierarchical terms, and describes the state government's economic incapacity to expand the school system, circumstances that led to a de facto federalization. The second section analyzes this process of federalization, which began with the Agreement signed in 1937 by the state and federal governments. It summarizes the principal terms and commitments in that pact, changes in school administration and the need to expand educational services in the state. The third part describes the specific case of the Mixe region in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, stressing the importance of the arrival of the federal school in a zone only marginally attended by the state service. This was a setting of extreme poverty and marginalization that conditioned educational services. The text concludes with a brief reflection on the challenges and advantages that characterized the federalization of education in, and for, the state of Oaxaca.

Keywords : Federalization; educational policy; state education; history of education; Oaxaca.

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