Resumo

REBOLLAR-TELLEZ, Eduardo A.; IBANEZ-BERNAL, Sergio  e  HERNANDEZ-CABRERA, Francisco. Structure of alpha, beta diversity and ecological aspects of phlebotomine assemblages in three populations of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). Acta Zool. Mex [online]. 2025, vol.41, e2784.  Epub 19-Jan-2026. ISSN 2448-8445.  https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2025.4112784.

The Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in the Yucatan Peninsula and is caused mainly by the parasite Leishmania mexicana. In 1965, the vectorial competence of the sand fly Bichromomyia olmeca was reported as a vector. However, studies of the geographic distribution of the species and the recognized human leishmaniasis area of transmission showed that there was no total correspondence, therefore, it was hypothesized that other sand fly species participated in the transmission. These suspected species are Lutzomyia cruciata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Psychodopygus panamensis. A fundamental aspect to understand how these species participate in the transmission of Le. mexicana is to analyze and describe the alpha and beta diversity patterns of the sand fly assemblages. The objective of the present work was to quantitatively analyze biological attributes related to alpha and beta diversity, as well as to record the bite activity patterns of the species of medical importance. In the localities of Becanchén (BE), municipality Tekax, Yucatán, La Libertad (LA), municipality Escárcega, Campeche and Santa Isabel (SI), municipality Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, sampling was carried out between 2001-2002, using CDC light traps, Disney traps, and Shannon traps. A total of 4,511 specimens were captured, 1,098 for (BE), 1,394 for (LA), and 2,019 for (SI). Using the standardized SISA index, it was found that the species with the highest representation were: Dampfpmyia deleoni, Lu. cruciata, Brumptomyia mesai, and Bi. olmeca. Despite variations between localities, the capture methods of CDC and Shannon traps were significantly different from those of Disney traps. The species richness was 7, 12, and 9 for Becanchén, La Libertad, and Santa Isabel, respectively. Simpson's dominance was found highest in BE (0.39), followed by SI (0.26) and LA (0.21). Fisher's alpha index values were 1.80 (LA), 1.21 (SI) and 0.99 (BE). Shannon's heterogeneity values were: 1.13 (BE), 1.74 (LA) and 1.58 (SI). Abundance rank curves indicated that the species dominance hierarchy in BE was Br. mesai followed by Lu. cruciata, for LA it was Da. deleoni and Br. olmeca, while for SI it was Da. deleoni and Br. mesai. Beta diversity using the Morisita-Horn model indicated that LA and SI were more similar in species assemblage compared to BE. A multidimensional non-metric scaling analysis confirmed that the ordering of variation was overlapped for LA and SI, and different with BE. The biting rate of female sandflies was calculated for Lu. cruciata in BE, for Lu. cruciata and Bi. olmeca in LA and for Lu. cruciata and Pa. shannoni in SI. There were significant correlations of Lu. cruciata with humidity and temperature in certain locations such as LA and SI. Finally, the significance of the assemblages in the context of leishmaniasis transmission is discussed.

Palavras-chave : leishmaniasis; diversity; vector incrimination.

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