Resumen

BARRAGAN-MARAVILLA, Sandra Monserrat et al. The Anthropic Impact on the Development of the Soil the Former Texcoco. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2025, vol.43, e2252.  Epub 19-Abr-2026. ISSN 2395-8030.  https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v43i.2252.

Lake Texcoco has been drained and affected by human activities for more than 100 years through the construction of drainage canals and, more recently, by the development of an airport project. These actions have resulted not only in the desiccation of the lake but also in a drastic loss of moisture from the lacustrine sediments; therefore, it remains uncertain whether soil formation processes are occurring. The objectives of this research were to analyze the morphological characteristics and the chemical and physical properties of the sediments/soils of the former Lake Texcoco, to determine whether soil formation has taken place, to identify the natural or anthropogenic factors exerting the greatest influence on its development, and to assess its spatial distribution and depth of occurrence. The analyzed data were obtained from a semi-detailed soil survey derived from a 1:20 000-scale soil study covering 12 000 ha of the Lago de Texcoco Federal Zone. Forty-four soil series were delineated, and morphological, physical, and chemical data were collected for each series and used to generate thematic maps. Lake salinity, artificial (differential) drying, and the introduction of halophytic grasses have favored soil formation from lacustrine sediments. These factors primarily modified the development of prismatic and blocky structures, the movement of clay and sand particles, and the occurrence of redoximorphic conditions. Overall, the results indicate a diverse soil morphology within a relatively small area and provide evidence of active soil-forming processes. Edaphic properties exhibit highly heterogeneous spatial and vertical distributions within the soil profile, indicating that the soils of Lake Texcoco are at early stages of development. However, it was not possible to determine the depth at which soil formation occurs.

Palabras llave : geospatial distribution; pedological features; salinity.

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