Resumo

SUAREZ-ESCUDERO, Juan Camilo et al. Neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia: concept, clinical pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Arch. Neurocien. (Mex.) [online]. 2022, vol.27, n.4, pp.44-56.  Epub 23-Jun-2025. ISSN 2954-4122.  https://doi.org/10.31157/an.v27i4.347.

The act of swallowing extends beyond a mechanical phenomenon. It is a highly complex process, intricately shaped and modulated by multiple levels of the nervous system. Its impairment is a direct consequence or associated complication of various pathologies, with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia standing out as a functional etiology of neurological and neuromuscular origin. This review aims to update the knowledge on the fundamentals and concept of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia and provide clinically relevant information regarding its main causes. Neurological disorders account for 70% to 80% of the etiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia. It primarily arises from stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Conclusions: Neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia results from lesions in any part of the central circuits and structures between the cerebral cortex and the peripheral components of swallowing; its physiological deficits are diverse. Understanding the conceptual, pathophysiological, and clinical characteristics of the main causes of neurogenic dysphagia guides healthcare teams in undertaking timely actions for detection, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Palavras-chave : swallowing; neurology; clinical pathology; central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; swallowing disorders.

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