SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

Brussaard, L.; Behan-Pellertier, V.; Bignell, D.; Brown, V.; Didden, W.; Folgarait, P.; Fragoso, C; Freckman, D.; Gupta, V.; Hattori, T.; Hawksworth, D.; Klopatek, C; Lavelle, P.; Malloch, D.; Rusek, I; Soderstrom, B.; Tiedje, J. and Virginia, R. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil, Ambio, 26:563-570 [ Links ]

Filser, J.; Fromm, H.; Lang, A.; Mebes, K. H.; Munch, J. C; Nagel, R.; Winter, K.; Beese, F. 1999. Reactions of soil organisms to site-specific management: the first long-term study at the landscape scale. In: Windhorst, W., Enckell, P. H. (Eds), Proceedings of the Conference "Sustainable Landuse Management-The Challenge of Ecosystem protection", 28.9.-1.10.99, Salzau Federal Cultural Center, Organizers: University of Kiel/European Ecological Federation. Verein Zur Förderung der Ökosystem forsclung an Kiele. V., ISSN 0940-7782. Ecosystems Supplementary Biodiversity, 28, 139-147 [ Links ]

Fjelberg, A. 1997. Nordic Collembola: Identification keys to genera. Checklist of species. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (mimeograph), 30p [ Links ]

Gachimbi, L. N. 2002. Technical Report of Soil Survey and Sampling results: Embu Mbeere Districts, Kenya. The land use change, Impacts and Dynamics project working paper Number: 9 [ Links ]

Garbeva P.; van Veen and van Elsas, J. D. 2004. Microbial diversity in soil: selection of microbial populations by plant and soil type and implications for disease suppressiveness. Annual Review Phytopathology 42: 243-270 [ Links ]

Giller, K. E.; Beare, G. G.; Lavelle, P.; Izaac, A. M. M. and Swift, M. J. 1997. Agricultural intensification, Soil biodiversity and agro ecosystems function. In Swift, M. J. (ed.), Soil biodiversity agricultural intensification and ecosystem function. Applied Soil Ecology 6: 3-16 [ Links ]

Hopkin, S. P. 2007. A Key to the Collembola (Springtails) of Britain and Ireland. 1^st edition, FSC Publications Shropshire, UK [ Links ]

Jeatzold, R. and Schmidt, H. 1983. Farm Management Handbook of Kenya. Vol. II/L. East Kenya. Ministry of Agriculture. Nairobi, Kenya [ Links ]

José, P. S., Maria, M. G., Cristina, P., Antonio, K., Filipa C, Marco, L., Catarina, C, Taigo, L., Pedro, L. and Susana, D. 2004. Effect of land use on Collembola diversity patterns in a Mediterranean landscape. Pedobiologia 48: 609-622 [ Links ]

José, P. S., Thomas, B., Maria, M. M., Thomas, L., Jean-Francios, P., Carlos, S., Georgy, T., Adam, J. V, Aoife, B., Florence, D. Eva, I., Anto'nio, K., Silvia, S. and Allan, D. W. 2005. Changes in Collembola richness and diversity along a gradient of land-use intensity: A pan European study. Pedobiologia 50: 147-156 [ Links ]

Kibblewhite, M. G.; Ritz, K. and Swift, M. J. 2008. Soil health in agricultural systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B 363: 685-701 [ Links ]

Kindt, R and Coe, R. 2005. Tree diversity analysis. A manual and sotware for common statistical methods for ecological and biodiversity studies. Nairobi: World Agro-forestry Center (ICRAF). Pg 196 [ Links ]

Kiome, R. L. and Muya, E. M. 1999. Characterisation of soil Embu and Kiambu PLEC sites. PBL. Kenya Soil Survey. Site Evaluation report no. 61 [ Links ]

Lagörlof, J. and Andrén, O. 1991. Abundance and activity of Collembola, Protura and Diplura (Insecta, Apterygota) in four cropping systems. Pedobiologia, 35: 337-50. [ Links ]

Luanga-Reyrel, F. and Deconchat, M. 1999. Diversity within the Collembolan community in fragmented coppice forests in South-Western France. European journal of Soil Biology 35: 177-187 [ Links ]

Mäder, P.; Pfiffner, L.; Fließbach, A.; von Lützow, M; Munch, J. C. 1997. Soil ecology-the impact of organic and conventional agriculture on soil biota and its significance for soil fertility. In: Østergaard, T. V. (Ed), Fundamentals of Organic Agriculture. Proceedings of the 11^th IFQAM International Scientific Conference, vol. 1, pp. 24-46, Copenhagen [ Links ]

Maribie, C. W. 2009. Survey of soil mites (Acari) abundance and diversity in different land use types in Embu and Taita districts, Kenya Msc Thesis University of Nairobi [ Links ]

Mokwunye, A. U.; De Jager and Smaling, E. M. A. (ed). 1996. Restoring and maintaining the productivity of West African soils: Key to sustainable development. Misc. Fert. Stud. 14. Int. Fert. Dev. Ctr. - Africa. Lome, Togo [ Links ]

Moreira, F. M. S.; Huising, E. J.; Bignell, D. E. 2008. A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology: Sampling and Characterization of Below Ground Biodiversity. Earthscan, UK 218 pp. [ Links ]

Moriera, F. M. S.; Siquera, J. O. and Brassard, L. 2006. Soil organisms in Tropical Ecosystems: a key role for Brazil in the Global Quest for the conservation and sustainable use of Biodiversity. Soil Biodiversity in Amazonian and other Brazilian Ecosystems, CAB International, Wallingfork, UK, pp 1-12 [ Links ]

Muturi, J. J.; Mbugi, J. P.; Mueke, J. M.; Lagerlóf, J.; Mungatu, J. K.; Nyamasyo, D. and Gikungu, M. 2009. Collembola density and diversity along a gradient of land-use types in Embu district, Eastern Kenya. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 11, 361-369 [ Links ]

Okoth, S. A.; Okoth, P.; Wachira, P. M. amd Roimen, H. 2009. Spatial distribution of Trichoderma spp. In Embu and Taita regions, Kenya. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 11:291-302 [ Links ]

Ponge, J. F., Gillet, S., Dubs, F., Fedoroff, E., Haese, L., Sousa, P. J. and Lavelle, P. 2003. Collembola communities as bioindicators of land use intensification. Soil biology and biochemistry 35: 813-826 [ Links ]

Rebek, E. J.; Hogg, D. B. and Young D. K. 2002. Effect of four cropping systems on the abundance and diversity of epedaphic springtails (Hexapoda: Parainsecta : Collembola) in Southern Wisconsin. Environmental Entomology 31: 37-46 [ Links ]

Rosilda, M.M., Silvana de Paula, Q. S., Sandra, V., and Valdirene, R. S. 2002. Study of Acari and Collembola Populations in Four Cultivation systems in Dourados-MS. Brazilian Archives Biology Technology. 45 : 257-264. [ Links ]

Sanchez, P. A.; Sheperd, K.D.; Soule, F.; Place, M.; Buresh, R. J. and Izac, A. M. N. 1997. Soil Fertility repleshment in Africa. An investment in Natural Resource Capital. In: R. J. Buresh et al (Ed) Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. SSA Spec. Publ. 51. SSSA, Madison, W. I. [ Links ]

Shriar, A. J. 2000. Agricultural intensity and its measurement in frontier regions. Agroforestry systems 49: 301-318 [ Links ]

StaftSoft, Inc, 2001. STATISTICA (Data Analysis Software System), Version 6. Tulsa, OK, USA [ Links ]

Swift, M. J. and Bignell, D. (eds), 2000. Standard methods for assessment of soil biodiversity and land use practice. Alternatives to Slash and Burn Project. ICRAF, Nairobi. 41pp [ Links ]

Swift, M. J. and Shepherd K. D. (eds), 2007. Saving Africa's Soils: Science and Technology for Improved Soil Management in Africa: World Agroforestry Centre. [ Links ]

Syrek, D., Wiener, W. M.., Wolty, M. Olszowska, G. and Kwapis, Z. 2006. Species abundance distribution of Collembolan communities in forest soils polluted with heavy metals. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment. Applied Soil Ecology. 31: 239-250 [ Links ]

TSBF, 2003. Conservation and Sustainable management of below ground biodiversity. Proceedings of the global workshop held in February 24-28, 2003 in Sumberjaya, Lampurg, Indonesia. Global workshop report No. 11 [ Links ]

Wachira, P. M. 2009. Effect of land use and soil fertility management practices on nematodes destroying fungi in Taita Taveta, Kenya PhD Thesis University of Nairobi [ Links ]

Wall, D. H. (ed) 2004. Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soils and Sediments, Island Press, Wahington, D. C. [ Links ]

Wardle, D. A.; Nicholson, K. S.; Bonner, K. I.; Yeates, G. W. 1999a. Effects of agricultural intensification on soil-associated arthropod population dynamics, community structure, diversity and temporal variability over a seven-year period. Soil Biology biochemistry. 31, 1691-1706 [ Links ]

Woese, C. R.; Kandler, O. and Wheelis, M. L. 1990. 'Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea Bacteria, and Eucarya', Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences USA, vol, pp 4576-4579 87 [ Links ]

Zar, J. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. (4^th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall [ Links ]