<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-9190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista alergia México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. alerg. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-9190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-91902023000400238</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29262/ram.v70i4.1334</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Microbiota en alergia alimentaria: prebióticos, probióticos y simbióticos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Microbiota in food allergy: prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación para el Estudio del Asma y Otras Enfermedades Alérgicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>238</fpage>
<lpage>241</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-91902023000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-91902023000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-91902023000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  La estrecha relación entre la microbiota y las enfermedades alérgicas es conocida desde hace varios años, particularmente la alergia alimentaria. Aunque la microbiota mejor estudiada es la relacionada con las bacterias, también son constitutivas de esta los virus, parásitos y hongos, aun con un rol no definitivamente esclarecido. El mundo microbiano interactúa con el cuerpo humano constantemente, estamos en contacto diario con una cantidad infinita e innumerable de variedades de microbios en nuestro entorno, algunos de ellos pueden pasar a través del cuerpo sin causar ningún daño, mientras que otros generan riesgo indeseable para la salud. La alteración de la composición original de la microbiota (disbiosis) se asocia con alergia alimentaria. Esta disbiosis se relaciona con los cambios de hábito, vía de finalización del embarazo (parto o cesárea), sustitución de la lactancia o interrupción en edades tempranas; disminución del tamaño de las familias; pérdida de contacto con animales de granja o mascotas; prescripción inadecuada o abuso de antibióticos. La transición de una dieta basada exclusivamente en leche a otra con alimentos sólidos se asocia con aumento drástico en la diversidad microbiana. Los componentes inmunomoduladores de la microbiota (polisacáridos de la superficie celular), los factores dietéticos (vitamina A) y la producción de metabolitos secundarios (ácidos grasos de cadena corta y metabolitos secundarios de ácidos biliares) promueven la diferenciación de la población de células RORyt + Treg. La ILC3 produce IL-2, que desempeña un papel decisivo en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis intestinal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The close relationship between the microbiota and allergic diseases has been known for several years, particularly food allergy. Although the best studied microbiota is that related to bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi are also constituents of this, although their role is not definitively clarified. The microbial world interacts with the human body constantly, we are in daily contact with an infinite and innumerable number of varieties of microbes in our environment, some of them can pass through the body without causing any harm, while others generate undesirable risk for the body. health. Alteration of the original composition of the microbiota (dysbiosis) is associated with food allergy. This dysbiosis is related to changes in habits, method of termination of pregnancy (birth or cesarean section), replacement of reastfeeding or interruption at an early age; decrease in family size; loss of contact with farm animals or pets; inappropriate prescription or abuse of antibiotics. The transition from a diet based exclusively on milk to one with solid foods is associated with a drastic increase in microbial diversity. Immunomodulatory components of the microbiota (cell surface polysaccharides), dietary factors (vitamin A), and production of secondary metabolites (short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acid metabolites) promote differentiation of the RORyt+ cell population Treg. ILC3 produces IL-2, which plays a decisive role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alergia alimentaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche materna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunomuduladores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vitamina A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Homeostasis intestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Células Treg]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Food allergy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Breastmilk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunomodulators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vitamin A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intestinal homeostasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Treg cells]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sicherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food allergy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>291-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinthrajah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>984-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Immunol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1076-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strachan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hay fever, hygiene, and household size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>299</volume>
<page-range>1259-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prendergast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Human Microbiome and Child Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen-Victor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of oral immune tolerance by the microbiome in food allergy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>141-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Human Microbiome and Child Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>131-1614738</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganal-Vonarburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hornef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial-host molecular exchange and its functional consequences in early mammalian life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<page-range>604-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pannaraj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>171</volume>
<page-range>647-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knoop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Immunol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atarashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>331</volume>
<page-range>337-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feehley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plunkett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>448-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Nabhani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulauroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reaction to Microbiota Is Required for Resistance to Immunopathologies in the Adult]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunity]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1276-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sefik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Immunologic Mode of Multigenerational Transmission Governs a Gut Treg Setpoint]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<page-range>1276-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cell surface polysaccharides of Bifidobacterium bifidum induce the generation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Immunol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohnmacht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORgammat(+) T cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>349</volume>
<page-range>989-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen-Victor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulatory T Cell-Derived TGF-beta1 Controls Multiple Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunity]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1202-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feehley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<page-range>13145-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of IL-22 in intestinal health and disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Exp Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>217</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innate lymphoid cells support regulatory T cells in the intestine through interleukin-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>568</volume>
<numero>7752</numero>
<issue>7752</issue>
<page-range>405-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
