<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6442</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios sociológicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. sociol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6442</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C., Centro de Estudios Sociológicos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-64422024000100204</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/es.2024v42.e2548</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La paridad y la representación sustantiva de las mujeres en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Parity and Substantive Representation of Women in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo busca examinar el ejercicio de la representación sustantiva por las legisladoras mexicanas y explorar la relación entre la representación descriptiva y la representación sustantiva de las mujeres en el ámbito político mexicano. El trabajo evidencia los patrones en la presentación y aprobación de las iniciativas feministas, evidenciando que, si bien las mujeres presentan la mayoría de las iniciativas de corte feminista y su presencia en los legislativos contribuye a la articulación de los intereses de las mujeres, esta articulación resulta limitada a solo ciertas agendas y no siempre corresponde a las perspectivas o soluciones progresistas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper seeks to examine the exercise of substantive representation by Mexican women legislators and to explore the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of women in the Mexican political arena. The paper evidences the patterns in the presentation and approval of feminist initiatives, showing that, although women present the majority of feminist initiatives and their presence in the legislature contributes to the articulation of women&#8217;s interests, this articulation is limited to only certain agendas and does not always correspond to progressive perspectives or solutions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paridad de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[representación sustantiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuotas de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis multinivel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gender parity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[substantive representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender quotas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multilevel análisis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alanis Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El reto de la paridad en las candidaturas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Derecho Electoral]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>171-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elected Bodies: The Gender Quota Law for Legislative Candidate in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Legislative Studies Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>239-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bareiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Line]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lilian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Hora de la Igualdad Sustantiva]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ONU Mujeres]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caminotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuotas de Género y Paridad en América Latina: Mujeres, Partidos Políticos y Estado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reformas a las Organizaciones de Partidos Políticos en América Latina (1978-2015)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>183-203</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PUCP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caminotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo Electoral, Fortaleza de las Cuotas de Género y Representación Política de las Mujeres en los Ámbitos Subnacionales de Argentina y México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>228</numero>
<issue>228</issue>
<page-range>121-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovenduski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Power struggles: gender equality in political representation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Politics and Gender]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>149-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlerup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Drude]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lenita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quotas as a &#8216;Fast Track to Equal Representation of Women: Why Scandinavia is No Longer the Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Feminist Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>26-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Declaración de Atenas, aprobada por la Unión Europea en Atenas]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dovi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Suzanne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Good Representative]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Lemmon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michele M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dilemmas in the Meaning and Measurement of Representation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Representation. The Case of Women]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-18</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franceschet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mona Lena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piscopo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The impact of gender quotas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alva Huitrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymundo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las reglas importan! Impulsando la representación política de las mujeres desde las leyes electorales en perspectiva multinivel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Representación Política de las Mujeres en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>15-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido de Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Régimen electoral de género y representación política de las mujeres a nivel subnacional en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencia Política (Santiago)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leyes contra la violencia política. Actores críticos, armonización legislativa multinivel y derechos políticos electorales de las mujeres en México&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dados, Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La construcción de democracias paritarias en América Latina. Régimen electoral de género, actores críticos y representación política de las mujeres (19902022)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Justicia electoral y representación política de las mujeres en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudios Políticos (España)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>191</volume>
<page-range>109-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¡Ellas tienen los escaños, ellos el poder! Representación legislativa de las mujeres en el Estado de Morelos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>LXV</volume>
<numero>240</numero>
<issue>240</issue>
<page-range>327-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women in Mexican Subnational Legislatures. From Descriptive to Substantive Representation]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Representación política de las mujeres en los Congresos subnacionales en México. Un modelo de evaluación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Políticos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>73-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La representación paritaria de las mujeres mexicanas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Democracia Mexicana: retos de la participación y los derechos]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>43-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paridad como principio constitucional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho constitucional en materia electoral]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>123-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TEPJF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Con las cuotas no basta. Sobre las cuotas de género y otras acciones afirmativas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TEPJF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christiansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mikaela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La paridad de género y la regla de los distritos perdedores en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mujeres en la Política: Experiencias Nacionales y Subnacionales en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>145-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IECM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Téllez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josefina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Aidé]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción: de las cuotas de participación a la paridad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[¿Es la paridad una realidad en los Congresos estatales?]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>9-33</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hevia Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El impacto de las medidas de acción afirmativa de género en el registro de las candidaturas en el proceso de 2017/2018]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres (INMUJERES)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema de Indicadores de Género]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Monthly ranking of women in national parliaments]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Meryl]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decentralization, political parties, and women&#8217;s representation: Evidence from Spain and Britain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publius: The Journal of Federalism]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>264-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mona Lena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emanuela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Petra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Symbolic Representation of Gender. A Discursive Approach]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aldershot ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? A contingent &#8216;Yes&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>628657</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Constanza]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niki]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracia, género y equidad: Aportes para el debate sobre los mecanismos de acción afirmativa]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Friedrich Ebert Stiftung]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Norma Marco para Consolidar la Democracia paritaria, Parlamento Latinoamericano y Caribeño (Parlatino)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esperanza]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chimal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abraham]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Partidos y cuotas de género. El impacto de la ley electoral en la representación descriptiva en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Estudios Electorales]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>53-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paxton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pamela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gendering Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politics, Gender and Concepts. Theory and Methodology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>47-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The politics of presence]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clarendon Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piscopo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[When informality advantages women: Quotas, networks, and legislative success in Argentina and Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Women, Politics, y Policy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hanna]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Concept of Representation]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Los Angeles ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raudenbush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Angelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las leyes de cuota y su impacto en la elección de mujeres en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-313</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Representative Claim]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contemporary Political Theory]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>297-318</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwindt-Bayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leslie A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Introduction to Gender and Representation in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gender and Representation in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>1-16</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Scholarship]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwindt-Bayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leslie A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women who win: Social backgrounds, paths to power, and political ambition in Latin American legislatures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politics y Gender]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<issue>01</issue>
<page-range>1-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snijders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tom A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roel J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wängnerud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The principles of gender-sensitive parliaments]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Abingdon ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iris Marion]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inclusion and democracy]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
