<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4085</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de urología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. urol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4085</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Urología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40852024000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48193/epnjed16</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of encrusted cystitis and pyelitis: Review of the problem from a historical perspective]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Etiología, patogénesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la cistitis y pielitis incrustada: Revisión del problema desde una perspectiva histórica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soriano-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Natal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Universitaria de Fisioterapia ONCE  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Madrid]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ León]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40852024000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40852024000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40852024000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Encrusted cystitis and pyelitis share many similarities regarding etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. These processes usually occur on previously injured urological tissue with the participation of an infection by urease-producing bacteria. At present Corynebacterium urealyticum, a highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria, appears to be the pathogen most often involved in these processes. In this review we analyze the history of these diseases with special emphasis on the scientific advances of the last century. We also review the role of urease and bacterial infection as well as a brief update on the epidemiological, histopathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.  Relevance: The importance and severity of these pathologies that are frequently underdiagnosed and difficult to treat are stressed.  Conclusions: The clinical history, exploratory and analytical data, which highlight alkaline urine, sometimes with an ammoniacal odor, pyuria, hematuria and the presence of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals, should alert the urologist to the existence of an encrusting uropathy. Simple radiology, ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopic visualization of the lesions confirm the diagnosis. Treatment generally requires surgery, use of antibiotics, urinary acidifiers and bacterial urease inhibitors.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La cistitis incrustada y la pielitis comparten muchas similitudes con respecto a etiología, patogénesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Estos procesos suelen ocurrir sobre un tejido urológico previamente lesionado con la participación de una infección por bacterias productoras de ureasa. En el momento actual, Corynebacterium urealyticum, una bacteria altamente resistente a los antibióticos parece ser el patógeno que más a menudo se ve involucrado en estos procesos. En esta revisión analizamos la historia de estas enfermedades remarcando los avances científicos del último siglo. También revisamos el papel de la ureasa y de la infección bacteriana, así como una breve actualización de los aspectos epidemiológicos, histopatológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos.  Relevancia: Se desea remarcar la importancia y gravedad de estas patologías que son frecuentemente infradiagnosticadas y que son de difícil tratamiento.  Conclusiones: La historia clínica, datos exploratorios y analíticos en donde destaca una orina alcalina, a veces con olor amoniacal, piuria, hematuria y presencia de cristales de fosfato amónico magnésico debe alertar al urólogo sobre la existencia de una uropatía incrustante. La radiología simple, ecografía, tomografía computarizada y la visualización endoscópica de las lesiones confirman el diagnóstico. El tratamiento generalmente precisa de cirugía, uso de antibióticos, acidificantes urinarios e inhibidores de la ureasa bacteriana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cystitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pyelitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[encrustations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cistitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pielitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incrustaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infección]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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