<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642024000300259</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-24-6135</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Baird&#8217;s Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) avoid human settlements and roads while searching for water in community-owned forests from the Calakmul region]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poot-Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Itzel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizzi V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyna-Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Campeche ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lerma Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Zion Consultores  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campeche Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autonoma de Campeche Centro de Desarrollo Sustentable ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campeche Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Calakmul Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>259</fpage>
<lpage>267</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642024000300259&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642024000300259&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642024000300259&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Baird&#8217;s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) populations are declining because of deforestation, fragmentation, poaching, and vehicle collisions. Tapirs play an ecological role as seed dispersers and seed predators; therefore, their loss will impact plant communities. This species prefers large areas with continuous native forest where human pressure is low and with permanent water bodies. In the Calakmul region of Southern Mexico, there are no permanent water bodies, only seasonal ponds called locally &#8220;aguadas&#8221;. These ponds have been crucial for tapir survival. Communal lands of the Calakmul region are important for tapirs, offering more surface water than the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to determine the habitat features and anthropic factors influencing Baird&#8217;s tapir use of ponds on communal lands. Our hypothesis was that Baird's tapirs would use seasonal ponds that are farther from roads and human settlements with higher frequency than ponds near roads and human settlements. We set camera-trap stations for 50 days at 36 ponds on three communal lands from September to November 2022. We measured 3 habitat covariates: presence/absence of water, normalized differential vegetation index, and vegetation type. The disturbance covariates were Euclidean distance to roads and human settlements, and the sampling effort as the number of days stations were active. We evaluated the effect of these covariates in a single occupancy model, where we built detection histories in R v. 4. 2. 2 software. We obtained 60 independent records of Baird&#8217;s tapir at 27 out of the 36 ponds with a sampling effort of 1,599 camera trap nights. For tapir detection, the effort had a positive effect (&#946; = 0.34 + 0.19, W  i = 0.66, p = 0.08). Distance to roads had the strongest effect (positive) on Baird&#8217;s tapir occupancy (&#946; = 1.2 + 1.27, W  i = 0.39, p = 0.34), while Distance to human settlements also had a positive effect (&#946; = 0.49 + 0.65, W  i = 0.17, p = 0.45). On communal lands from the Calakmul region, tapirs are searching for water sources on ponds far from roads and settlements to avoid potential conflicts with humans. Although tapirs are not hunted, other factors associated with villages and roads might encourage tapirs to avoid these areas. Communal lands have greater water availability in ponds than in the protected area, so therefore we recommend the creation of communal protected areas to preserve the remaining forests outside the reserve. With the arrival of mega-projects like the Maya train, the economic development of the study region will likely increase. For this reason, it&#8217;s of great importance that wildlife passages remain available and that mega-projects assure the free movement of tapirs to ponds in the Calakmul region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Las poblaciones de tapir centroamericano (Tapirus bairdii) están disminuyendo globalmente por la deforestación, fragmentación, cacería y atropellamientos. Los tapires son dispersores y depredadores de varias semillas; por lo tanto, su extinción afectará a las comunidades vegetales. Esta especie prefiere extensiones grandes de bosque nativo, con presión humana baja y cuerpos de agua perennes. En la región de Calakmul en el sur de México no existen cuerpos de agua perennes, y el agua se almacena en depositos temporales llamados localmente aguadas, estas aguadas son vitales para la supervivencia del tapir. En la región de Calakmul, los ejidos son importantes para los tapires, pues hay mayor disponibilidad de agua en comparación con la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características del hábitat y los factores antrópicos que influyen en la ocupación del tapir centroamericano en aguadas de ejidos. La hipótesis fue que el tapir centroamericano utiliza aguadas alejadas de caminos y poblados con mayor frecuencia que las aguadas cercanas a caminos y poblados. Colocamos 36 estaciones de fototrampeo por 50 días, una por aguada en tres ejidos en el periodo de septiembre-noviembre de 2022. Medimos 3 covariables del hábitat: presencia/ausencia de agua, índice de vegetación diferencial normalizado y tipo de vegetación y 2 covariables de perturbación: la distancia Euclidiana a carreteras y poblados, y el esfuerzo de muestreo como número de días activos de las estaciones. Evaluamos el efecto de estas covariables con modelos de ocupación simples, donde construimos historias de detección en R v. 4. 2. 2. Registramos 60 eventos independientes del tapir en 27 de las 36 aguadas con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 1,599 noches-trampa. El esfuerzo de muestreo tuvo un efecto positivo (&#946; = 0.34 + 0.19, W  i = 0.66, p = 0.08) en la detección del tapir. La distancia a caminos fue la covariable con mejor ajuste, con un efecto positivo en la ocupación del tapir (&#946; = 1.2 + 1.27, W  i = 0.39, p = 0.34), seguida por la distancia a los poblados (&#946; = 0.49 + 0.65, W  i = 0.17, p = 0.45). En los ejidos de la región de Calakmul los tapires van a aguadas lejos de caminos y poblados con mayor frecuencia que a aguadas cerca de caminos y poblados, sugiriendo que los tapires pueden estar evitando conflictos potenciales con los humanos. Aunque no son cazados frecuentemente, puede haber otros factores asociados a los pueblos y caminos que hacen que los tapires eviten ciertas aguadas. Como los ejidos tienen mayor disponibilidad de agua es necesario estimular la creación de reservas comunitarias, para conservar los bosques remanentes. Con los megaproyectos como el tren Maya, el desarrollo económico de la región de Calakmul aumentará. Por ello, es esencial que la fauna silvestre tenga acceso a las aguadas y que no se interrumpa su movimiento en la región de Calakmul.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Communal lands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[detection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ponds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protected areas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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