<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-66222025000100057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18381/eq.v22i1.7355</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clustering a sample of major and emerging economies regarding their economic policy uncertainty]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Agrupamiento de una muestra de las principales economías y mercados emergentes con respecto de su incertidumbre de la política económica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Preciado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-66222025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-66222025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-66222025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  this study carries out pattern identification in a sample of 16 major and emerging economies in function of their economic policy uncertainty.  Methodology:  this paper applies for the groping procedure K-Means, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), and Clustering and Density-Based Spatial Clustering with Noise (DBSCAN). Data: This research uses the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Index calculated monthly by the EPU Agency for several countries. In particular, it examines EPU indexes for a sample 16 countries in five crisis periods between 2008 and 2024; the sample was chosen based on data availability.  Results:  global crises have created distinct country clusters transcending traditional economic groupings based on development status or geographical location. Notably, in the COVID-19 pandemic it generated an unprecedented global EPU homogeneity among countries. High-uncertainty clusters consistently emerge, often comprising large economies directly affected by crises.  Limitations:  there are possible biases in news-based component of EPU indices.  Originality:  to the best of the authors&#8217; knowledge, multiple clustering techniques for various crisis periods have not been implemented before.  Conclusion:  global crises can equalize policy uncertainty, challenging conventional notions of economic resilience. The empirical findings emphasize the importance of considering EPU in a global context for those responsible for improving the design of economic policy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  este estudio lleva a cabo la identificación de patrones en una muestra de 16 economías desarrolladas y emergentes en función de la incertidumbre de su política económica.  Metodología:  este artículo para el procedimiento de agrupación aplica K-Medias, agrupación jerárquica por aglomerados (AHC) y agrupación espacial basada en densidad con ruido (DBSCAN). Datos: esta investigación utiliza el Índice de Incertidumbre de Política Económica (EPU) calculado mensualmente por la Agencia EPU para varios países. En particular, se examinan los índices EPU para una muestra de 16 países en cinco períodos de crisis entre 2008 y 2024; la muestra se eligió en función de la disponibilidad de datos.  Resultados:  las crisis globales han creado distintos grupos de países que trascienden las agrupaciones económicas tradicionales basadas en el nivel de desarrollo o en la ubicación geográfica. Cabe destacar que en la pandemia de COVID-19 se generó una homogeneidad global sin precedente de EPU entre países. De manera constante, surgen grupos de alta incertidumbre, que a menudo comprenden grandes economías directamente afectadas por las crisis.  Limitaciones:  puede haber posibles sesgos en el componente de las noticias en periódicos de los índices EPU.  Originalidad:  hasta donde saben los autores, no se han aplicado múltiples técnicas de agrupamiento para varios períodos de crisis anteriormente.  Conclusión:  las crisis globales pueden igualar la incertidumbre política, desafiando las nociones convencionales de resiliencia económica. Los hallazgos empíricos enfatizan la importancia de considerar la EPU en un contexto global para un mejor diseño de la política económica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic policy uncertainty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cluster analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[K-means]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DBSCAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agglomerative hierarchical clustering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C38]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D80]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F01]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G01]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Incertidumbre de la política económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de agrupamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[K-means]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[DBSCAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agrupación jerárquica aglomerativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C38]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D80]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F01]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[G01]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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