Abiotic stress based bioprocesses for the production of high value antioxidant phenolic compound in plants: an overview

Bioprocesos basados en la aplicación de estreses abióticos en plantas para la producción de compuestos fenólicos antioxidantes de alto valor: una revisión

J.C. Sánchez-Rangel, J. Benavides and D.A. Jacobo-Velázquez*

Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA. Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos. Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey. Escuela de Biotecnología y Alimentos. Garza Sada 2501 C.P. 64849. Monterrey N. L. México. *Corresponding author. E-mail: djacobov@itesm.mx. Tel. +52-818-358-20-00, ext. 4820. Fax: +52-818-328-4136.

Abstract

Phenolic compounds (PC) are secondary metabolites produced by plants that have diverse applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutraceutical and food industries. Therefore, the design of bioprocesses for their production, extraction and purification is of major relevance. The application of postharvest abiotic stresses (i.e., wounding, modified atmospheres, UV radiation) can be used as an approach to increase the concentration of PC during postharvest of diverse plant tissues. Herein, we propose an abiotic stress based bioprocess for the production of high commercial value antioxidant PC. The strategy proposed was exemplified with experimental data showing how abiotic stresses can be applied to produce resveratrol and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in grapes, and chlorogenic acid in carrots. Finally, different procedures to extract and purify PC produced in the stressed plant tissue are discussed.

Keywords: abiotic stresses, phenolic compound, wounding, UV-C light, plant tissue, by-products, downstream processing.

Resumen

Los compuestos fenólicos (PC) son metabolitos secundarios producidos por plantas que tiene diversas aplicaciones en la industria farmacéutica, cosmética, nutracéutica y alimentaria. Por lo tanto, el diseño de un bioproceso para su producción y purificación extracción es de gran importancia. La aplicación estrés abiótico poscosecha (i.e., daño por corte, atmósferas modificadas, radiación UV) puede ser usada como una estrategia para incrementar la concentración de PC antioxidantes de alto valor comercial. La estrategia propuesta es ejemplificada con datos experimentales que muestran cómo el estrés abiótico puede ser aplicado para producir resveratrol y quercetina-3-O-glucósido en uvas y ácidos clorogénicos en zanahorias. Finalmente, se discuten procedimientos para extraer y purificar PC producidos en tejidos estresados de plantas.

Palabras clave: estreses abióticos, compuesto fenólico, daño por corte, luz UV-C, tejido vegetal, subproductos, procesos de separación.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by research funds from the Tecnológico de Monterrey - Research Chair Initiative (CAT 161) and Cátedra de Nutrigenómica-FEMSA. Author J.C.S.-R. also acknowledges the scholarship (169222) from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México).

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