<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1607-050X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Desacatos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Desacatos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1607-050X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1607-050X2021000300156</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarmar los corporativismos sindicales: diseños institucionales y recursos de poder en México y Brasil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dismantling Union Corporatism: Implications for the Power Resources of Workers in Brazil and Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerdas-Sandí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría de Trabajo y Fomento al Empleo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>67</numero>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>179</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1607-050X2021000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1607-050X2021000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1607-050X2021000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los cambios en curso en los arreglos corporativos dominantes en Brasil y México desde 1950 muestran que las diferencias en el origen y evolución de los diseños institucionales y alianzas entre sindicatos y partidos políticos incidieron en la capacidad de los primeros para representar los intereses de los trabajadores. Los contextos sociopolíticos y económicos, y las secuencias de la doble transición influyeron también en los sindicatos al momento de aprovechar sus recursos de poder. Con estos antecedentes, se analizan las reformas laborales de 2016-2019, cuyo objetivo común fue desarmar los viejos arreglos corporativos, pero mientras en México se apunta a dar autonomía y democratizar los sindicatos, en Brasil se quiere limitarlos e imponer el individualismo en las relaciones laborales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The ongoing changes in the corporatist arrangements in Brazil and Mexico since 1950 show how differences in the origins and evolution of institutional designs and alliances, between unions and political parties, influenced the former&#8217;s ability to represent workers&#8217; interests. The socio-political and economic contexts and double-transition sequences also influenced the unions when taking advantage of their power resources. Based on this situation, we analyze the labor reforms of 2016-2019, whose common objective was to dismantle the old corporatist arrangements, but while in Mexico the aim is to give autonomy and democratize the unions, in Brazil they want to limit them, imposing individualism into labor relations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sindicalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio institucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corporativismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recursos de poder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[trade unionism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institutional change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corporatism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[power resources]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abouharb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Rodwan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cingranelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human Rights and Structural Adjustment]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Um ano sem Ministério do Trabalho: foi bom ou ruim para os brasileiros?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UOL]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arditi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamín]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El giro a la izquierda en América Latina: ¿una política post-liberal?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciências Sociais Unisinos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>232-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francho]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Huelga general en Brasil: la primera prueba de fuego para Michel Temer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CNN en español]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>British Broadcasting Company (BBC)</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El &#8216;radical&#8217; plan de austeridad económica a 20 años aprobado por Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BBC News/Mundo]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>British Broadcasting Company (BBC)</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[O que é a MP 870 e por que ela virou um cabo de guerra entre governo e Congresso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BBC News/Brasil]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Partidos, sindicatos y movimientos sociales en Argentina y Brasil (2003-2011): la compleja relación con gobiernos afines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Temas y Debates]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>59-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El modelo mexicano de regulación laboral]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contratación colectiva de protección en México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouzas Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de la Organización Regional Interamericana de Trabajadores (ORIT)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>11-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organizing Workers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico: The Authoritarian-Corporatist Legacy and Old Institutional Designs in a New Context]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical Inquiries in Law]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>131-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade Unions and Politics in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La transformación del modelo laboral mexicano y sus vínculos con la integración de América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[documento de trabajo]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Internacional del Trabajo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Bülow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La reforma institucional del corporativismo sindical: las experiencias de Brasil y México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>185-229</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State-Corporatist Legacies and Divergent Paths: Argentina and Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Caraway]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Working Through the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>142-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kevin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Middlebrook]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sindicatos y política en México: cambios, continuidades y contradicciones]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales-México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kevin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Middlebrook]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio político desde afuera hacia adentro. Influencia comercial estadounidense y reforma de los derechos laborales en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>985-1039</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerdas-Sandí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina entre el continuismo y la reconfiguración política: consecuencias sobre las políticas macroeconómicas y laborales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trampas de desigualdad y cambios de régimen]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>300-41</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Nacional de Universitarios por una Nueva Estrategia de Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bizberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilán]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tipos de capitalismo en América Latina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bizberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilán]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Variedades de capitalismo en América Latina: los casos de México, Brasil, Argentina y Chile]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>41-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolívar Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosendo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desdibujamiento ideológico y pragmatismo. Morena en la coalición Juntos Haremos Historia, durante el proceso electoral de 2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Opinión Pública]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>61-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouzas Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contratación colectiva de protección]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>29-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[IBGE: informalidade atinge 41,6% dos trabalhadores no país em 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agência Brasil]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caraway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teri L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Working Trough the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;Your Defensive Fortress&#8217;: Workers and Vargas&#8217;s Legacies in Brazil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Caraway]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Working Through the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>164-78</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gindin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining: Argentina, Brazil and Mexico Compared]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[documento de trabajo]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Internacional del Trabajo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Telma]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño legal y desempeño real: Brasil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño legal y desempeño real: instituciones laborales en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>167-239</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veras de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El sindicalismo brasileño en la era de Lula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>8,</numero>
<issue>8,</issue>
<page-range>83-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth Berins]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Shaping the Political Arena. Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahoney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seawright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jason]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Claiming Too Much: Warnings about Selection Bias]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Brady]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rethinking Social Inquiry. Diverse Tools, Shared Standards]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>85-101</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman y Littlefield]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sindicatos y centrales sindicales en Brasil de los años 80 y 90]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina Hoy. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>93-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Labor Reform in Latin America: Between Flexibility and Rights]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pennsylvania ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Pennsylvania State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Departamento Intersindical de Estatistica e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE)</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Reforma Trabalhista e os impactos para as relações de trabalho no Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nota Técnica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>178</numero>
<issue>178</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Detsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómo enfrentar a Bolsonaro. Entrevista a Carmen Ferreira Foro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maura]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulas-Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional Income Distribution and Its Role in Explaining Inequality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IMF Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>244</numero>
<issue>244</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galarraga Gortázar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Naiara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lula anuncia una estrategia de izquierda dura para hacer frente a Bolsonaro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El País]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[André]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breve historia de los cambios en la regulación del trabajo en Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>55-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renata]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforma brasileña respeta los derechos laborales, dice OIT]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agência Brasil]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno de México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Textos finales del Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Union Formation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blyton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edmund]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jack]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Sage Handbook of Industrial Relations]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>377-405</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las instituciones y su diseño]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Goodin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La teoría del diseño institucional]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>13-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xosé]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una huelga general desafía las reformas del gobierno brasileño]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El País]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Honorable Congreso de la Unión</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto por el que se declaran reformadas y adicionadas diversas disposiciones de los artículos 107 y 123 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en materia de justicia laboral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Honorable Congreso de la Unión</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial de la Federación, de la Ley Federal de la Defensoría Pública, de la Ley del Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores y de la Ley del Seguro Social, en materia de justicia laboral, libertad sindical y negociación colectiva]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelyne]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracy and the Left. Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo. Cifras durante el cuarto trimestre de 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[comunicado de prensa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>70/20</numero>
<issue>70/20</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Dari]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia Rocha]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Rodrigues]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[As reformas regressivas no Brasil e o posicionamento das centrais sindicais]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XXXVInternational Congress of the Latin American Studies Association]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>29 de abril al 1 de mayo</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Lima </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extinção do Ministério do Trabalho: o que mudou após um ano?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Democracia e Mundo do Trabalho em Debate]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendonça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heloísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benites]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Afonso]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brasil aprueba su reforma laboral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El País]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestra tragedia persistente: la democracia autoritaria en México]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Union Renewal: What Can We Learn from Three Decades of Research?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe mundial sobre salarios 2014/2015. Salarios y desigualdad de ingresos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Internacional del Trabajo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ilostat. Base de datos]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pateman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carole]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Participation and Democratic Theory]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizzorno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political Exchange and Collective Identity in Industrial Conflict]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Crouch]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizzorno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe since 1968, vol. 2: Comparative Analyses]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<page-range>277-98</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queiroz Dutra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renata]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva de Jesus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Selma Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medida provisonal n. 905/2019 Programa Verde Amarelo: a reforma dentro da reformatrabalhista]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trabalho, Educação e Saúde]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sreeharsha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vinod]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los legisladores que buscan destituir a Dilma Rousseff también están acusados de corrupción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times, 15 de abril]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lula ataca a Bolsonaro y aumenta la polarización en Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El País]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira Kaltwasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristóbal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La derecha en América Latina y su lucha contra la adversidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>254</numero>
<issue>254</issue>
<page-range>34-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmalz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dörre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Klaus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Power Resources Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[documento de trabajo para Trade Unions in Transformation]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Friedrich Ebert Stiftung]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philippe C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Still the Century of Corporatism?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Politics]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>85-131</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stédile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los golpistas mostraron a qué vinieron]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gentili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Golpe en Brasil: genealogía de una farsa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>127-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoessel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soledad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Giro a la izquierda en la América Latina del siglo XXI. Revisitando los debates académicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>123-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos Pinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Authoritarian Governments and the Corrosion of the Social Protection Network in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Katálysis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathleen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Political Science]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>369-404</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tijerina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walid]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dumping social: México, Estados Unidos, el TLCAN y el discurso del mal vecino]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nexos, 21 de noviembre]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo Delarbre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El movimiento de los electricistas democráticos (1972-1978)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos Políticos]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>47-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fred]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La destitución de Dilma Rousseff: la clase dominante brasileña en pie de guerra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[In Defense of Marxism]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik Olin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working-Class Power, Capitalist-Class, Interests, and Class Compromise]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>957-1002</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
