<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432023000300007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2023.24.3.023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of mass-balance method to evaluate recharge rate patterns in a Quaternary aquifer in northern Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicación del balance de masa para evaluar patrones de taza de recarga en un acuífero Cuaternario al norte de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Victoria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escolero-Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geología Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geología Departamento de Dinámica Terrestre Superficial]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432023000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432023000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432023000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study addresses the application of the mass-balance method to evaluate spatial changes in recharge and discharge rate patterns. Using MODFLOW it was generated two finite-difference steady-state groundwater models for an alluvial aquifer in the Lagunera Region of northern Mexico. Additionally, a spreadsheet program was developed to generate recharge-discharge rate pattern distributions corresponding to 2002 and 2014 years. Inverse numerical modeling was used to calibrate the steady-state groundwater models by applying a universal parameter estimation code. The root-mean-square error between the observed and simulated heads was used as a statistical control to evaluate model calibration. The results showed that recharge values were predominant in the surrounding areas, whereas discharge values were dominant in the central zones, coinciding with agricultural areas. Furthermore, the alternative-hypothesis from the sign test suggests that a change has occurred in the recharge pattern distribution during the study period.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se empleó el método de balance de masa para evaluar cambios espaciales en patrones de taza de recarga y descarga. Para evaluarlo, se generaron dos modelos numéricos de diferencias finitas en estado estacionario de un acuífero aluvial en la Región Lagunera al norte de México utilizando MODFLOW. Se desarrolló además, un programa de hoja de cálculo para generar la distribución inicial de patrones de taza de recarga-descarga correspondientes a los años 2002 y 2014. El proceso de calibración se realizó mediante modelación numérica inversa, aplicando un código universal de estimación de parámetros. La raíz del error cuadrático medio entre las cargas observadas y simuladas se usó como medida de control estadístico para evaluar la calibración de los modelos. Los resultados mostraron que los valores de recarga predominan en la áreas circundantes mientras que los valores de descarga son dominantes en las zonas centrales coincidiendo con áreas agrícolas. Adicionalmente, la hipótesis alternativa de la prueba de signos sugiere que ha ocurrido un cambio en la distribución de patrones para el periodo estudiado.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Recharge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[groundwater model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mass-balance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[calibration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recarga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo numérico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[materia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calibración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estadística]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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