Segmentation of Breast Nodules on Ultrasonographic Images Based on Marke d–Controlled Watershed Transform
Segmentación de nódulos mamarios en imágenes ultrasonográficas basado en transformada Watershed controlada por marcadores
W. Gómez1, L. Leija1, W. C. A. Pereira2 and A. F. C. Infantosi2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV–IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. E–mail: wgomez@cinvestav.mx
2 Biomedical Engineering Program – COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E–mail: wagner@peb.ufrj.br
]]>Article received on January 07, 2009.
Accepted on October 01, 2009.
Abstract
In this article is presented a computerized segmentation method for breast nodules on ultrasonic images. With the goal of removing the speckle while preserving important information from the lesion boundaries, a Gabor filter followed by an anisotropic diffusion filtering are applied to the ultrasonic image. Furthermore, the marker–controlled Watershed transform defines potential boundaries that maximize the Average Radial Derivative function to get the final lesion contour. The segmentation procedure was applied on a database of 50 images and the computer–delineated margins were compared against manual outlines drawn by two radiologist. This comparison was performed by two metrics, which measure the similarity between two compared images: overlap ratio (OR) and normalized residual value (nrv). If there is perfect agreement between both images OR = 1 and nrv = 0. Then, the mean values results, for each metric, were for the first radiologist: OR = 0.87±0.04 and nrv = 0.14±0.06, and for the second radiologist: OR = 0.86±0.06 and nrv = 0.15±0.05.
Keywords: Breast ultrasound, Segmentation, Watershed transform, Average radial derivative.
Resumen
En este trabajo se presenta un método computacional para la segmentación de nódulos mamarios en imágenes ultrasónicas. Con el objetivo de remover el ruido multiplicativo (speckle) mientras se preservan los detalles importantes del contorno del tumor, se aplica un filtro de Gabor seguido de un filtro de difusión anisotrópico sobre la ultrasonografía de mama. Posteriormente, la transformada Watershed (línea divisora de aguas) controlada por marcadores define bordes potenciales que maximizan la Media Radial Derivativa para encontrar el contorno final de la lesión. El procedimiento de segmentación se aplicó en un banco de 50 ultrasonografías y la segmentación computarizada obtenida de cada imagen fue comparada contra las delineaciones manuales realizadas por dos radiólogos. Dicha comparación fue cuantificada a través de dos métricas, los cuales miden la similitud entre las imágenes comparadas: razón de superposición (OR) y valor residual normalizado (nrv). En el caso de coincidencia perfecta entre ambas imágenes OR = 1 y nrv = 0. Los valores promedio de cada métrica fueron para el primer radiólogo: OR = 0.87±0.04 y nrv = 0.14±0.06, y para el segundo radiólogo: OR = 0.86±0.06 y nrv = 0.15±0.05.
]]> Palabras clave: Ultrasonido de mama, Segmentación, Transformada Watershed, Media radial derivativa.
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