<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362025000100095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2025.220.70228</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Subinversión y dependencia externa del sector hidrocarburífero argentino (2003-2022)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Underinvestment and external dependence of the Argentine hydrocarbons sector (2003-2022)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eszter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Cendrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Comillas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>220</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La matriz energética argentina depende en gran medida de los hidrocarburos, pero la producción nacional ha sido incapaz de abastecer el mercado interno, lo que se ha traducido en déficits comerciales y salidas permanentes de divisas. Bajo este contexto, los gobiernos de los Kirchner realizaron varias reformas económicas entre cuyos ejes se situó la recuperación del rol rector del Estado para alcanzar la soberanía energética. Esta corriente de reformas fue modificada ante la llegada a la presidencia del liberal Mauricio Macri, pero fue parcialmente retomada por el Ejecutivo de Alberto Fernández desde 2020. Este trabajo pretende analizar si los sucesivos gobiernos han mitigado la subinversión y la dependencia externa del sector energético argentino, así como las limitaciones de dichas políticas. Se concluye que las diferentes políticas petroleras aplicadas no habían logrado revertir la subinversión y la dependencia exterior del sector hidrocarburífero argentino.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Argentina&#8217;s energy matrix is highly dependent on hydrocarbons, but domestic production has not been able to supply the domestic market, resulting in trade deficits and permanent foreign exchange outflows. In this context, the Kirchner administrations conducted several economic reforms, one of the axes of which was the recovery of the leading role of the State in order to achieve energy sovereignty. This series of reforms was modified before the arrival of the liberal Mauricio Macri to the presidency but was partially reinstated by the government of Alberto Fernandez in 2020. This paper aims to analyze whether successive governments have mitigated the underinvestment and external dependence of the Argentine energy sector and the limitations of such policies. It concludes that the different oil policies implemented had failed to reverse the underinvestment and foreign dependence of the Argentinean hydrocarbon sector.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hidrocarburos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresas estatales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dependencia energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O54]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Q32]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrocarbons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state-owned companies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy dependence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O54]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Q32]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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