0301-7036 0301-7036 S0301-70362025000100003 10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2025.220.70253 Mexico 00 03 2025 00 03 2025 56 220 3 35

2015 2007 2019 2022 31 1 1 2013 2008 30 1 1 2019 1996 28 2022 58 7 7 European Commission 2018 2012 2019 34 1 1 2022 1976 44 2018 5 2004 International Labour Organization (ILO) 2002 2002 International Labour Organization (ILO) 2008 International Labour Organization (ILO) 2013 International Labour Organization (ILO) 2013 Second International Labour Organization (ILO) 2019 ILO OECD 2019 2019 2016 LXXXIII 332 332 2015 1999 13 2 2 OECD ILO 2019 OECD ILO 2019 OECD ILO 2021 OECD ILO 2022 2012 22 1 1 1993 61 2 2 2023 1979 32 3 3 Stata 2021 United Nations 2015 World Bank 2013 1985 67