<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362017000200033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desempleo en América Latina: ¿flexibilidad laboral o acumulación de capital?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Chômage en Amérique Latine: flexibilité du travail ou accumulation du capital ?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Desemprego na América Latina: ¿flexibilidade trabalhista ou acumulação de capital?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="zh"><![CDATA[&#25289;&#19969;&#32654;&#27954;&#30340;&#22833;&#19994;&#24773;&#20917;&#65306;&#21171;&#21160;&#28789;&#27963;&#24615;&#36824;&#26159;&#36164;&#26412;&#31215;&#32047;&#65311;&#36335;&#26131;&#26031;&#8226;&#36153;&#23572;&#21335;&#22810;&#8226;&#21152;&#35199;&#20122; &#33707;&#21033;&#26031;&#8226;&#31185;&#40065;&#20857;]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Unemployment in Latin America: Labor Market Flexibility or Capital Accumulation?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moritz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>189</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El desempleo en América Latina ha tenido una disminución sustancial durante el periodo 2000-2013. Desde el punto de vista teórico convencional, lo anterior sería consecuencia de las reformas orientadas a flexibilizar el mercado de trabajo. Por otro lado, la visión post-keynesiana sustentaría que la caída de la tasa de desempleo se debe al aumento de la acumulación de capital. El presente documento intenta conocer cuál de estas visiones teóricas es apoyada por la evidencia empírica. Los resultados del panel de datos sugieren que la acumulación de capital es la variable que explica mayormente el desempeño del desempleo. La recomendación de política de esta evidencia es mantener en crecimiento la inversión a través de instrumentos que estimulen la demanda efectiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé: Le chômage en Amérique Latine a subit une diminution substantielle durant la période 2000-2013. Du point de vue théorique conventionnel, ce qui précède serait le résultat des reformes orientés vers l&#8217;assouplissement du marché du travail. En revanche, le point de vue post-keynésien soutiendrait l&#8217;idée que la baisse du taux de chômage est due à une augmentation de l&#8217;accumulation du capital. Le présent document cherche à savoir lequel de ces points de vue théoriques est soutenue par des preuves empiriques. Les résultats du panneau de données suggèrent que l&#8217;accumulation du capital est la variable qui explique largement la performance du chômage. La recommandation de politique de cette preuve est de garder le même rythme de croissance de l&#8217;investissement à travers des instruments qui stimulent la demande effective.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: O desemprego na América Latina teve uma diminuição substancial durante o período 2000-2013. Desde o ponto de vista teórico convencional, o anterior seria consequência das reformas orientadas a flexibilizar do mercado de trabalho. Por outro lado, a visão pós-keynesiana sustentaria que a queda da taxa de desemprego se deve ao aumento da acumulação de capital. O presente documento tenta conhecer qual destas visões teóricas é apoiada pela evidência empírica. Os resultados do panel de dados sugerem que a acumulação de capital é a variável que explica em maior medida o desempenho do desemprego. A recomendação de política desta evidência é manter em crescimento o investimento através de instrumentos que estimulem a demanda efetiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="zh"><p><![CDATA[&#25688;&#35201;: &#25688;&#35201;2000-2013&#24180;&#26399;&#38388;&#25289;&#19969;&#32654;&#27954;&#30340;&#22833;&#19994;&#29575;&#26174;&#33879;&#19979;&#38477;&#12290;&#20174;&#20256;&#32479;&#30340;&#29702;&#35770;&#35282;&#24230;&#26469;&#30475;&#65292;&#22833;&#19994;&#29575;&#19979;&#38477;&#26159;&#26088;&#22312;&#35843;&#33410;&#21171;&#21160;&#24066;&#22330;&#30340;&#19968;&#31995;&#21015;&#25913;&#38761;&#30340;&#32467;&#26524;&#12290;&#21478;&#19968;&#26041;&#38754;&#65292;&#21518;&#20975;&#24681;&#26031;&#20027;&#20041;&#35266;&#28857;&#35748;&#20026;&#22833;&#19994;&#29575;&#30340;&#19979;&#38477;&#24402;&#21151;&#20110;&#36164;&#26412;&#31215;&#32047;&#30340;&#22686;&#21152;&#12290;&#26412;&#25991;&#26088;&#22312;&#30740;&#31350;&#21738;&#31181;&#29702;&#35770;&#35266;&#28857;&#26377;&#32463;&#39564;&#35777;&#25454;&#30340;&#25903;&#25745;&#12290;&#30740;&#31350;&#25968;&#25454;&#34920;&#26126;&#36164;&#26412;&#30340;&#31215;&#32047;&#26159;&#33021;&#22815;&#26368;&#22823;&#38480;&#24230;&#38416;&#37322;&#22833;&#19994;&#29575;&#19979;&#38477;&#30340;&#21464;&#37327;&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#25105;&#20204;&#25512;&#33616;&#37319;&#21462;&#21050;&#28608;&#23454;&#38469;&#38656;&#27714;&#25514;&#26045;&#20197;&#20445;&#35777;&#25237;&#36164;&#22686;&#38271;&#12290;]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Unemployment in Latin America fell substantially in 2000-2013, which, from the standpoint of conventional theory, would be the outcome of reforms designed to make the labor market more flexible. On the other hand, a post-Keynesian perspective would maintain that a dropping unemployment rate is due to rising capital accumulation. This paper aims to determine which of these theoretical visions is supported by the empirical evidence. The panel data results suggest that capital accumulation is the variable that explains the majority of the behavior of unemployment. The policy recommendation based on this evidence is to keep investment growing via instruments that stimulate effective demand.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[datos de panel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría post-keynesiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría neoclásica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[chômage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[marché du travail]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[panneau de données]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[théorie post-keynésienne]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[théorie néoclassique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desemprego]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mercado de trabalho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[dados de painel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[teoria pós-keynesiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[teoria neoclássica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="zh"><![CDATA[&#22833;&#19994; &#21171;&#21160;&#24066;&#22330; &#25968;&#25454;&#26495; &#21518;&#20975;&#24681;&#26031;&#29702;&#35770; &#26032;&#21476;&#20856;&#29702;&#35770;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor market]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[panel data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[post-Keynesian theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neoclassical theory]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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