<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta universitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta univ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-62662018000700005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15174/au.2018.2006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Corrupción, Gobernabilidad y Crecimiento Económico. Un estudio empírico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Corruption, Governance and Economic Growth. An empirical study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Verme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Guanajuato División de Ciencias Económico Administrativas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guanajuato Gto]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Contaduría y Administración ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-62662018000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-62662018000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-62662018000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se estudia la causalidad, en el sentido de Pearl (2003, 2009), bidireccional entre Corrupción y Crecimiento Económico, utilizando información de 41 países para el periodo 1996-2010 y de 34 países para el periodo 1999-2010. Se aplica el Modelo de Ecuaciones Simultáneas para datos panel, utilizando variables de control económicas, institucionales y de gobernabilidad. Estimaciones en trabajos previos sugieren una relación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre el grado de corrupción y el nivel de crecimiento económico de cada país, pero no logran identificar si existe un efecto de retroalimentación, por lo que utilizamos el Método de Ecuaciones Simultáneas. Asimismo, incluimos el efecto de las variables de gobernabilidad sobre la corrupción. El análisis de los resultados indica que, efectivamente, economías con elevados niveles de corrupción y falta de gobernabilidad presentan también bajos niveles de crecimiento económico. Más aún, se demuestra que hay evidencia de la interrelación entre el nivel de crecimiento económico y el grado de corrupción.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this paper, the definition of causality by Pearl (2003, 2009), to ascertain the presence of a bi-directional causality between Corruption and Economic Growth, is studied. Data coming from 41 countries for the period 1996-2010 and 34 countries for the period 1999-2010 is used. The Simultaneous Equations model is applied using economic, institutional, and governance control variables. Estimates from previous studies suggest a negative and statistically significant relationship between the level of corruption and the level of economic growth in each country. However, these methods fail to identify whether there is a feedback effect; this is why the Method of Simultaneous Equations is used. Likewise, the effect of governance variables on corruption is included. The analysis of the results indicates that economies with high levels of corruption and poor governance are economies with low levels of economic growth. But, most importantly, there is irrefutable evidence of the feedback effect between the level of economic growth and the degree of corruption.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrupción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instituciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corruption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institutions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[simultaneous equation systems]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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