<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-3380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía: teoría y práctica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ: teor. práct]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-3380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, a través de la Unidad Iztapalapa, la Unidad Azcapotzalco y la Unidad Xochimilco, División de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-33802018000200007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24275/etypuam/ne/492018/moreno</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of the Foreign Direct Investment on the Productivity of Latin American Countries (1990-2012)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en la productividad de los países de América Latina (1990-2012)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Plascencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel Paúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,moreno.paul9@gmail.com  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>49</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-33802018000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-33802018000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-33802018000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In a dynamic where international economic integration is constantly growing, multinational enterprises are important to understand the mechanisms that may induce productivity growth. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a response of multinational enterprises to take advantage of a foreign country&#8217;s economic structure. Using a panel analysis, this study aims to enhance and improve the evidence of the effects of FDI on the productivity of Latin American countries, within an economic approach. The positive relationship between the variables of interest suggests that an increase in FDI inflows would impact the productivity growth of the analysed countries at a fairly high rate. This rate is understandable considering that Latin American economies are characterized by being highly susceptible to radical changes in their respective performances when they have greater access to productive factors; in this case, capital inflows can affect significantly the performance of the countries in this study.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En una dinámica donde la integración económica internacional se encuentra en constante crecimiento, las empresas multinacionales son importantes para entender los mecanismos capaces de inducir un aumento en la productividad. La Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) es una respuesta de las empresas multinacionales para aprovechar la estructura económica de un país extranjero. Mediante un análisis de panel, la investigación intenta aumentar y mejorar la evidencia de los efectos de IED en la productividad de países latinoamericanos, con un enfoque económico. La relación positiva entre las variables de interés sugiere que un incremento de flujos entrantes de IED impactaría positivamente la productividad de los países estudiados a una tasa alta. Los resultados son entendibles cuando se recuerda que las economías latinoamericanas son altamente susceptibles a cambios radicales cuando acceden a mayores factores productivos; en este caso, el flujo de capitales puede afectar significativamente su rendimiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FDI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C10]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C12]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F43]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F62]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inversión extranjera directa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C10]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C12]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F43]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F62]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aghion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philippe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A model of Growth through Creative Destruction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>323-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agosin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment in developing countries]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Clare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multinationals and Linkages: An Empirical Investigation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economia]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>113-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azeroual]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Productivy Growth in the Moroccan Manufacturing Sector: Is Source of FDI Important?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International and Global Economic Studies]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>103-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Lournal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Growth]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borensztein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Gregorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jong-Wha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Economics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>115-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cuauhtémoc]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Issac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apertura, inestabilidad y estancamiento económico en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integración de México en el TLCAN. Sus efectos sobre el crecimiento, la reestructuración productiva y el desarrollo económico]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>19-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nádia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal Calegario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina Lelis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does FDI Cause Higher Levels of Productivity or do Higher Levels of Productivity attract FDI? A Study in Transforming Brazilian Industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências da Administraçäo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>82-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe 2013]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe 2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helpman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elhanan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International R&amp;D Spillovers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>859-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helpman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elhanan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmaister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International R&amp;D Spillovers and Institutions]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>1-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Cruz Gallegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boncheva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonina I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Porras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition Between Latin American and China for US Direct Investment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Economy Journal]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalización y desigualdad económica en países emergentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integración de México en el TLCAN. Sus efectos sobre el crecimiento, la reestructuración productive y el desarrollo económico]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>291-322</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ECLAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feenstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gordon H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Productivity Measuremente and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages: Estimates from the US, 1972-1990]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>1-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fons-Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalemli-Ozcan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebnem]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bent E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas-Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volosovych]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vadym]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quantifying Productivity Gains from Foreign Investment]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento liderado por las exportaciones y la demanda interna. Una visión desde México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integración de México en el TLCAN. Sus efectos sobre el crecimiento, la reestructuración productiva y el desarrollo económico]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>79-108</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Masahisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venables]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regios and International Trade]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Görg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Holger]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aoife]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strobl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Productivity Effects of International Outsourcing: Evidence from Plant Level Data]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment and environmental impacts-Is the debate over?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of European Community and International Environmental Law]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>306-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gene M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helpman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elhanan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niels]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lensink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment, financial development and economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Studies]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>142-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javorcik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beata S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search of Spillovers Through Backward Linkages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>605-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordaan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacob C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State Characteristics and the Locational Choice of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Regional fDI in Mexico 1989-2006]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Growth and Change]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>389-413</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ángeles Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes de la inversión extranjera directa en la República Mexicana (1994-2007)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integración de México en el TLCAN. Sus efectos sobre el crecimiento, la reestructuración productiva y el desarrollo económico]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>147-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chihwa.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Min-Hsien]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bangtian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International R&amp;D Spillovers: An Application of Estimation and Inference in Panel Cointegration]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wolfgang]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Are International R&amp;D Spillovers Trade-Related? Analyzing Spillovers Among Randomly Matched Trade Partners]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kokko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technology Market Characteristics, and Spillovers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing returns and economic geography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>183-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obstfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurice]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marc J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Economics: Theory &amp; Policy,]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson Addison-Wesley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nagesh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment, Externalities and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Some Empirical Explorations and Implications for wto Negotiations on Investment]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Delhi ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lensink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrissey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oliver]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment: Flows, Volatility and the Impact on Growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>478-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sjöholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment, education, and wages in Indonesian manufacturing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>415-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Pueyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barcenilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancebón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanaú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La productividad total de los factores en los países desarrollados. Componentes y factores determinantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economiaz]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>404-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Bazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Sanchis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Complementarity Between Human Capital and Trade in Regional Technological Progress]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luintel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kul B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mosahid]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are International R&amp;D Spillovers Costly for the US?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Economic and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>896-910</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the Mechanics of Economic Development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Monetary Economics]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>3-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mankiw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregory N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacto de la inversión extranjera directa en el crecimiento manufacturero en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Problemas del Desarrollo, Revista Latinoamericana de Economía]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>167</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>45-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neme Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valderrama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Lilia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competitividad tecnológica como determinante de las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas de largo plazo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integración de México en el TLCAN. Sus efectos sobre el crecimiento, la reestructuración productiva y el desarrollo económico]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>211-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment for Development]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Capital and Labor Productivity Growth in Chile: An Empirical Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Economía]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>140</numero>
<issue>140</issue>
<page-range>43-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1002-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endogenous Technological Trade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>S71-S102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[I Just Ran Two Million Regressions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economy Review, Papers and Proceedings]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>176-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gernot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Doppelhofer]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miller]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants of long-term growth: A Bayesian averaging of classical estimates (BACE) approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>813-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stehrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woerz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industrial Diversity, Trade Patterns, and Productivity Convergence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>356-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sadayuki]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Productivity Spillovers and Characteristics of Foreign Multinational Plants in Indonesian Manufacturing 1990-1995]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>1-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tayebi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Seyed Komail]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghanbari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ali]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Outsourcing and FDI Spillovers on Productivity of East Asia-Pacific Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iranian Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>17-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lichtenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Foreign Direct Investment Transfer Technology Across borderrs?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanling]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[FDI and productivity growth: the role of inter-industry linkages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue Canadienne d&#8217;Economique]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1243-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introducción al Derecho Económico]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mc-Graw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
