0188-2503 0188-2503 S0188-25032025000300547 10.22201/iis.01882503p.2025.3.62970 Guatemala 00 09 2025 00 09 2025 87 3 547 577

2013 14 4 4 468-84 2018 2023 50 3 3 134-56 BBC 2019 2014 41 4 4 368-84 2020 2021 46 3 3 382-99 2022 2020 2022 1-3 2007 59 3 3 341-69 2018 2015 2001 4 1 1 139-87 Confidencial 2018 2016 52-67 El 19 Digital 2018 1997 67 4 4 451-69 2018 2018 2001 282-302 2016 25 2 2 186-209 International Crisis Group 2018 International Crisis Group 2019 Juventud Presidente 2018 2016 21 3 3 341-60 2021 00 0 0 1-29 2011 2018 2016 95 99 99 201-14 2019 2018 2001 89-125 2004 1996 101 6 6 1628-60 1996 29-46 2022 54 2 2 253-77 Newsroom Infobae 2020 Nicaragua Clic 2018 2018 60 3 3 377-97 1996 67-86 Periodista Granadino 2018 2004 2018 PXMolina 2018 2018 2015 54 3 3 477-500 2018 2017 2018 10 157-70 2019 2020 2018 1997 58 1 1 39 2020 62 2 2 117-36 2014 2000 26 1974 1974 611-39 2015 31-57 2016 31-57 2022 33 2 2 133-46 2015 2016 10 23 23 5079-101 2018 United States Department of State 2024 2019 18 2 2 215-32 2011 26 2 2 101-15 1989 2016 15 6 6 622-33