<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista fitotecnia mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. fitotec. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-73802025000100015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35196/rfm.2025.1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aptitud combinatoria de probadores con líneas de maíz derivadas por mejoramiento convergente]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Combining ability of testers with inbred lines of maize derived through convergent breeding]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Casimiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Galeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César del Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noel O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez-Riquelme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Livera-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iguala de la Independencia Guerrero]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El desarrollo de híbridos de maíz implica detectar combinaciones que expresen alta aptitud combinatoria para rendimiento de grano y características agronómicas. La aptitud combinatoria es un atributo importante que permite a los fitomejoradores incrementar la productividad mediante la selección de progenitores que expresen las mejores combinaciones. A partir del año 2015 se inició un esquema de mejoramiento convergente de líneas de maíz, el cual se centró en incorporar genes deseables por medio de retrocruzamientos de progenitores donantes hacia progenitores recurrentes. Las líneas utilizadas en este ensayo cuentan con más de 96.9 % de endogamia, resultado de tres retrocruzamientos y dos autofecundaciones. Con este antecedente, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron 1) evaluar cruzas de prueba para rendimiento de grano y otras variables agronómicas en un conjunto de líneas de maíz obtenidas por mejoramiento convergente, 2) identificar las mejores combinaciones en rendimiento de grano y características agronómicas, y 3) seleccionar al mejor probador. Se evaluaron 13 líneas de maíz obtenidas por mejoramiento convergente y dos líneas élite originales, que se cruzaron con dos probadores (líneas endogámicas) utilizando un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, en dos localidades del estado de Guerrero, México establecidos en los ciclos agrícolas Primavera-Verano 2021 y Otoño-Invierno 2022/2023. Se detectaron diferencias significativas para todas las variables registradas en las fuentes de variación, localidades, probadores, líneas recobradas y en la interacción probadores × líneas recobradas, encontrándose que las líneas recobradas exhibieron amplia variación genética con los probadores. Se determinó que los cruzamientos L1×P1, L1×P2, L2×P1, L2×P2, L12×P1, L12×P2, L13×P1 y L13×P2 expresaron excelentes rendimientos de grano, así como buena expresión en los componentes del rendimiento. Se observó, que el rendimiento de grano tuvo una relación estrecha con los caracteres agronómicos de planta y mazorca, longitud de mazorca, largo, ancho y grosor de grano. Los dos probadores exhibieron una capacidad de combinación diferente para discriminar entre las líneas de prueba, siendo el probador P2 (LT156) el que produjo mayor variabilidad genética y cruzamientos con mayor rendimiento de grano.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary The development of maize hibrids involves identifying combinations that express high combining ability for grain yield and agronomic characteristics. Combining ability is an important attribute that allows plant breeders to increase productivity by selecting progenitors that express the best combinations. A scheme for convergent breeding of maize lines was initiated in 2015, which focused on incorporating desirable genes through backcrossing from donor to recurrent parents. The lines used in this trial had more than 96.9 % inbreeding, resulting from three backcrosses and two selfings. With this background, the objectives of the present study were 1) to evaluate testcrosses for grain yield and other agronomic traits in a set of maize lines obtained by convergent breeding, 2) to identify the best combinations in grain yield and agronomic characteristics, and 3) to select the best tester. Thirteen maize lines obtained by convergent improvement and two original elite lines, which were crossed with two testers (inbred lines) were evaluated using a randomized complete block experimental design, in two localities of the state of Guerrero, Mexico, established in the Spring-Summer 2021 and Fall-Winter 2022/2023 agricultural seasons. Significant differences were detected for all traits recorded between the sources of variation localities, testers, recovered lines and their interaction with testers, finding that the recovered lines exhibited wide genetic variation with the testers. It was determined that crosses L1×P1, L1×P2, L2×P1, L2×P2, L12×P1, L12×P2, L13×P1 and L13×P2 expressed excellent grain yields, as well as good expression in yield components. It was observed that grain yield had a close relationship with agronomic traits of plant and ear: ear length, kernel length, width and thickness. The two testers exhibited a different combining ability to discriminate between the test lines, with P2 (LT156) tester producing the highest genetic variability and crosses with higher grain yield.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aptitud combinatoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[líneas recobradas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mejoramiento convergente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[combining ability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[convergent breeding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recovered lines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tester]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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