<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362021000400371</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52871</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Seasonal precipitation in south-central Chile: Trends in extreme events since 1900]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacques-Coper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Mayor Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Huechuraba Santiago]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Concepción Departamento de Geofísica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Concepción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografía Instituto de Geografía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valparaíso ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Centro de Acción Climática ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valparaíso ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>384</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT We study a regional precipitation time series built upon seven meteorological records from south-central Chile (SCC; 37º-42º S), which altogether cover the period 1900-2019. As a first objective, we investigated changes in the return period (RP) of dry (&lt; P20) and wet (&gt; P80) seasonal extreme events of precipitation (SEE) for each season. We observed a reduction in the RP of wet SEE during 1900-1950 in all seasons. Moreover, the dry SEE RP shows a reduction from 1950 to the present in all seasons. This phenomenon is noteworthy since 1900 for summer and winter, and since 1930 for autumn. Spring registers a constant RP value from 1990 onwards. As a second objective, we study possible relationships between seasonal precipitation variability and climate modes, such as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the Tripole Index (TPI) of sea surface temperature (SST) over the Pacific Ocean. Summer and autumn precipitation showed a significant negative correlation with SAM activity at interannual and decadal scales, while winter and spring precipitation recorded a significant positive correlation with SST variability over multiple regions of the Pacific Ocean (including the tropics and New Zealand) and the Southern Ocean (Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea). Finally, we confirm that SAM strongly modulates precipitation in SCC, especially in autumn, and that SEE variability in SCC is considerably associated with climate modes of tropical and extra-tropical origin.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se estudió una serie temporal de precipitación regional formada por siete registros meteorológicos de Chile centro-sur (SCC; 37º-42º S) que cubren el periodo 1900-2019. Como primer objetivo, se investigaron cambios en el periodo de retorno (RP, por sus siglas en inglés) de eventos extremos de precipitación estacional (SEE) secos (&lt; P20) y húmedos (&gt; P80) para cada estación del año. Observamos una reducción del RP de SEE húmedos durante 1900-1950 en todas las estaciones del año. Por otro lado, el RP de SEE secos muestra una reducción de 1950 al presente en todas las estaciones del año. Este fenómeno es notorio desde 1900 en el verano e invierno, y desde 1930 en otoño. La primavera registra un RP constante de 1990 al presente. Como segundo objetivo, estudiamos posibles relaciones entre la variabilidad de la precipitación estacional y modos climáticos tales como el modo anular del sur (SAM) y el índice tripolar (TPI) de temperatura superficial del mar (SST) del Océano Pacífico. Los SEE de verano y otoño registraron una correlación negativa significativa con el índice SAM a escala interanual y decadal, mientras que los SEE de invierno y primavera exhibieron una correlación positiva significativa con variaciones de la SST de múltiples regiones del Océano Pacífico (incluidos los trópicos y Nueva Zelanda) y el Océano Austral (mar de Amundsen-Bellingshausen). Finalmente, confirmamos que el SAM modula fuertemente la precipitación en SCC, especialmente en otoño, y que la variabilidad de SEE en SCC está considerablemente asociada a modos climáticos de origen tropical y extratropical.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extreme seasonal precipitation events]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[south-central Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[southern annular mode (SAM)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tripole Index of sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean (TPI)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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