<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3880</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias marinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. mar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3880</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-38802025000100101</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7773/cm.y2025.3498</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Morphological and molecular characterization of the free-living Symbiodinium natans-clade A (Dinophyceae) from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización morfológica y molecular de Symbiodinium natans-clado A de vida libre (Dinophyceae) de la Bahía de La Paz, Golfo de California]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okolodkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuri B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Band-Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Paz Baja California Sur]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías Laboratorio de Botánica Marina y Planctología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Boca del Río Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-38802025000100101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-38802025000100101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-38802025000100101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. The genus Symbiodinium is a group of mostly endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, commonly known as zooxanthellae, which live in association with marine invertebrates and protists. The objective of the present study was the morphological and molecular identification of 2 strains of Symbiodiniales (SNCETMAR-1 and SNCETMAR-2) isolated from the anemone Actinostella sp. from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. Culture identification was conducted via photomicroscopy, including epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. A sequence of the SNCETMAR-2 strain was obtained from the 28S rDNA region. The combination of methods allowed the strains to be identified as Symbiodinium natans-clade A. This taxon is a group of endosymbiotic and free-living organisms, which facilitated the cultivation of the strains in the laboratory. The life cycle of this group presented 2 phases, a motile and a non-motile phase in the coccoid state, the last stage where both sexual and asexual division occur. This study extends the reports of clade A of the family Symbiodiniaceae in the Gulf of California and provides valuable information for its culture, identification, and phylogenetic analysis.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. El género Symbiodinium es un grupo de dinoflagelados mayoritariamente endosimbiontes, comúnmente conocidos como zooxantelas, que viven asociados a invertebrados y protistas marinos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue la identificación morfológica y molecular de 2 cepas de Symbiodiniales (SNCETMAR-1 y SNCETMAR-2) aisladas de la anémona Actinostella sp. de la Bahía de La Paz, Golfo de California. La identificación se realizó a partir de cultivos empleando microscopía fotónica, incluyendo de epifluorescencia y electrónica de barrido. Se obtuvo una secuencia de la cepa SNCETMAR-2 de la región 28S del ADNr. La combinación de métodos permitió la identificación de las cepas como Symbiodinium natans-clado A. Este taxón es un grupo de organismos de vida libre, lo que facilitó el cultivo de las cepas en el laboratorio. El ciclo de vida de este grupo presentó 2 fases, una fase móvil y otra inmóvil en estado cocoide, siendo este el último estadio donde se presentó la división sexual y asexual. Este estudio amplía los reportes del clado A de la familia Symbiodiniaceae en el Golfo de California, proporcionando información valiosa para su cultivo, identificación y análisis filogenético.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Actinostella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endosymbiont]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gulf of California]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life stages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Symbiodinium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[zooxanthellae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Actinostella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[endosimbionte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Golfo de California]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estados reproductivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Symbiodinium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zooxantelas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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