<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3880</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias marinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. mar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3880</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-38802024000200303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7773/cm.y2024.3505</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fluctuations in immune response (phenol oxidase activity) related to circadian and lunar cycles in the symbiotic anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (Actinaria: Aiptasiidae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fluctuaciones en la respuesta inmune (actividad de fenoloxidasa) relacionadas con los ciclos circadianos y lunares en la anémona simbiótica Exaiptasia diaphana (Actinaria: Aiptasiidae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miel A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacqueline]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Quintana Roo]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1b</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-38802024000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-38802024000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-38802024000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. The immune capacity of cnidarians allows them to maintain the integrity of their tissues and prevent infections when facing threats of damage. Cnidarians have an innate immune system that includes melanin and enzymes, like phenol oxidase, that is activated in the presence of pathogens and generates reactive and toxic compounds for their elimination. The anemone Exaiptasia diaphana is a model organism for symbiosis, nutrition, and immune studies, as it maintains a facultative symbiosis with microalgae of the Symbiodiniaceae family, like corals; E. diaphana can also exist in an aposymbiotic state. Therefore, E. diaphana is a suitable model to study the cnidarian immune system. To learn about the basic immune activity of this anemone, we asked ourselves if it exhibited variability in its immune activity throughout the day, considering 2 lunar phases (full moon and new moon). Mucus samples were taken from 6 symbiotic and 6 aposymbiotic anemones, which were previously acclimatized and maintained in 6-well plates with filtered seawater under natural light conditions. Phenol oxidase activity was estimated every 6 h for 48 h, with 2 repetitions for each moon phase. Phenol oxidase activity was highest at 14:00 h, whereas nocturnal activity was low. Enzyme activity increased under the full moon in aposymbiotic anemones (H = 17.47, P = 0.0005). We found a negative relationship between symbiont density and phenol oxidase activity (R 2 = 0.05, P = 0.04). These results allow us to suggest that this anemone can maintain a constant constitutive immunity under laboratory conditions, which responds to biological cycles such as circadian and moon cycles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. La capacidad inmune de los cnidarios les permite mantener la integridad de sus tejidos y prevenir infecciones ante amenazas de daño. Los cnidarios cuentan con un sistema inmune innato que incluye la melanina y enzimas, como la fenoloxidasa, que se activa en presencia de patógenos, generando compuestos reactivos y tóxicos para su eliminación. La anémona Exaiptasia diaphana es un organismo modelo en estudios sobre simbiosis, nutrición e inmunidad, ya que mantiene una simbiosis facultativa con las microalgas de la familia Symbiodiniaceae, como los corales; E. diaphana también puede existir en un estado aposimbiótico. Por tanto, E. diaphana es un modelo adecuado para estudiar el sistema inmune de los cnidarios. Para conocer la actividad inmune básica de esta anémona, nos preguntamos si existe variabilidad en la actividad de la enzima fenoloxidasa a lo largo del día, considerando 2 fases lunares (luna llena y luna nueva). Se tomaron muestras de mucus de 6 anémonas simbióticas y 6 aposimbióticas, previamente aclimatadas y mantenidas en cajas de 6 pozos con agua de mar filtrada bajo condiciones de luz natural. La actividad de fenoloxidasa se estimó cada 6 h durante 48 h, con 2 repeticiones por fase lunar. La actividad de fenoloxidasa presentó mayor actividad a las 14:00 h, mientras que la actividad nocturna fue baja. La actividad de la enzima se incrementó bajo luna llena en las anémonas aposimbióticas (H = 17.47, P = 0.0005). Además, encontramos una relación negativa entre la densidad de simbiontes y la actividad de fenoloxidasa (R 2 = 0.50, P = 0.04). Estos resultados nos permiten sugerir que E. diaphana puede mantener una inmunidad constitutiva y constante en condiciones de laboratorio, la cual responde a ciclos biológicos, como los ciclos circadianos y lunares.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutive immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mucus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lunar phases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[symbiosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[circadian cycle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[symbiotic anemone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenol oxidase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cnidarian]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunidad constitutiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mucus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fases lunares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simbiosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciclo circadiano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anémona simbiótica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenoloxidasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cnidario]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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