S. H. Pereira,1 J. C. Z. Aguilar,2 and E. C. Romão3
1 Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Física e Química, Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha 333, Pedregulho 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil (shpereira@gmail.com).
2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of São João del-Rei 36307-352, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
3 Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
Received 2013 September 30. ]]> Accepted 2014 March 12.
RESUMEN
En este trabajo se presenta un mecanismo alternativo para generar partículas de materia oscura. Se discute el problema de la creación de partículas escalares de masa cero en los modelos de universo plano, homogéneo e isótropo, cuyo factor de escala sigue una teoría de tipo ƒ(R). Se encuentra que la principal contribución al número total de partículas y energía en general proviene de pequeños números de onda k, y partículas con valores grandes de k sólo se producen en el futuro. Si el mínimo k corresponde a la longitud de onda máxima dentro del horizonte de Hubble, se puede estimar la densidad actual de energía de las partículas sin masa como 10-120 veces la densidad actual crítica de energía. Estas partículas constituyen un campo similar a la radiación cósmica de fondo, lo que podría interpretarse como partículas de materia oscura. El estudio que aquí se presenta puede ser la base para investigaciones futuras relacionadas con la creación de la materia en el universo para varios modelos de evolución.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we present an alternative mechanism to generate dark matter particles. We discuss quantitatively the problem of massless particle creation in a flat, homogeneous and isotropic universe expanding with a scale factor which follows directly from a particular ƒ(R) theory of gravity. We find that the main contribution to the total number of particles and total energy comes from small wavenumbers k and particles with large values of k are produced only in the future. If we choose the minimal mode k as corresponding to the maximum wavelength inside the Hubble horizon, we can estimate the present energy density of such massless particles as 10-120 times the present critical energy density. Such particles form a background field similar to the cosmic microwave background radiation, which could be interpreted as dark matter particles. The study presented here might be the basis for future researches related to the creation of matter in the universe for various models of evolution.
Key Words: dark matter — early universe.
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]]>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SHP is grateful to CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazilian research agency, for the financial support, process number 477872/2010-7.
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