<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2025000100082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/fi.3068</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Jabal Amil: la génesis del activismo chií contemporáneo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Jabal Amil: the genesis of contemporary shi&#8217;i activism]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabih Menem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Issam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferabolli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia Regina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación sobre Relaciones Internacionales en el Mundo Árabe  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>121</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000100082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000100082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000100082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo se propone demostrar que el activismo secular de las familias chiitas tradicionales originarias de Jabal Amil, en el sur del Líbano, está en el origen de fenómenos sociales y políticos transformadores del mundo chiita contemporáneo, en particular los movimientos Sadrista, Amal y Hezbolá. El propósito fundamental es investigar la compleja red que moldea las relaciones entre los miembros de la comunidad chiita de Jabal Amil y sus correligionarios en otras partes de Medio Oriente, sobre todo en Irán, Iraq y el Líbano, y analizar cómo las conexiones de estas influyentes familias chiitas trascienden las fronteras nacionales. Para lograrlo, el artículo se basa en la teoría constructivista y en el método de análisis de redes sociales (ARS). Se concluye que pertenecer a una red transnacional histórica, cuyas raíces están en Jabal Amil, moviliza, legitima e inviste de poder a los principales líderes chiitas de la era contemporánea.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate that the secular activism of traditional Shiite families from Jabal Amil in southern Lebanon lies at the origin of transformative social and political phenomena in the contemporary Shiite world, particularly the Sadrist, Amal, and Hezbollah movements. The primary objective is to investigate the complex network that shapes the relationships between members of the Shiite community of Jabal Amil and their co-religionists in other parts of the Middle East, especially in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and to analyze how the connections of these influential Shiite families transcend national borders. To achieve this aim, the article draws on Constructivist theory and employs the method of Social Network Analysis (SNA). It concludes that belonging to a historic transnational network rooted in Jabal Amil mobilizes, legitimizes, and empowers the main Shiite leadership of the contemporary era.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[chiismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hezbollah]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Movimiento Sadrista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ARS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medio Oriente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Shiism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hezbollah]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sadrist Movement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Middle East]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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