<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-0052</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de pediatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. pediatr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-0052</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatría A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-00522020000600207</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/97681</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Incidencia de ojo seco y úlcera corneal en niños con ventilación mecánica tratados con bloqueo neuromuscular]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Incidence of dry eye and corneal ulcer in children with mechanical ventilation treated with neuromuscular blockade]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denisse Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlon-Rodrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa &#8220;Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico&#8221; Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Medicina Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa &#8220;Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa &#8220;Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>207</fpage>
<lpage>211</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-00522020000600207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-00522020000600207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-00522020000600207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  El tratamiento con sedación y bloqueo neuromuscular es frecuente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos, incrementando el riesgo de ojo seco y úlcera corneal.  Objetivo:  Determinar la incidencia de ojo seco y úlcera corneal en niños críticamente enfermos con ventilación mecánica que reciben bloqueador neuromuscular.  Material y métodos:  Estudio de una cohorte prospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años con ventilación mecánica que recibieron tratamiento con sedación, analgesia y bloqueador neuromuscular. La evaluación de ojo seco se realizó con prueba de Schirmer I y para úlcera corneal mediante tinción de fluoresceína, lo cual se realizó al momento del inicio de la ventilación, y a las 24, 72 y 120 horas posteriores. Todas las mediciones fueron realizadas por el mismo oftalmólogo pediatra.  Resultados:  Se incluyeron 56 pacientes. A las 24 h se registraron 11 pacientes con ojo seco, en este tiempo no se documentaron casos con úlcera corneal. A las 72 h, dos pacientes desarrollaron ojo seco y uno úlcera corneal. A las 120 h, dos pacientes más presentaron ojo seco, los cuales desarrollaron úlcera corneal. Así, la incidencia acumulada de ojo seco fue de 26.7% (n = 15) y de úlcera corneal 5.3% (n = 3).  Conclusión:  En nuestro estudio la incidencia de ojo seco y la úlcera corneal fueron más altas que lo reportado previamente. Por lo anterior, es importante el cuidado y la evaluación ocular en pacientes que requieren ventilación mecánica y reciben bloqueadores neuromusculares.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Treatment with sedation and neuromuscular blockade is common in pediatric intensive care units, thus increasing the risk of dry eye and corneal ulcer.  Objective:  To determine the incidence of dry eye and corneal ulcer in critically ill children with mechanical ventilation who receive neuromuscular blocker.  Material and methods:  Prospective cohort study. Patients under 18 years of age with mechanical ventilation who received treatment with sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blocker were included. The evaluation of dry eye was carried out with the Schirmer I test, and by fluorescein staining for corneal ulcer, which was performed at the time of ventilation initiation, and 24, 72 and 120 hours later. All measurements were made by the same Pediatric Ophthalmologist.  Results:  Fifty-six patients were included. At 24 h, 11 patients with dry eye were registered; during this time, no cases with corneal ulcer were documented. At 72 h, two patients developed dry eye and one corneal ulcer. At 120 h, two more patients had dry eye, who developed a corneal ulcer. Thus, in total, the cumulative incidence of dry eye was 26.7% (n = 15) and of corneal ulcer, 5.3% (n = 3).  Conclusion:  In our study, the incidence of dry eye and corneal ulcer were higher than previously reported. Therefore, it is always important that the eyes of patients with mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular blockers have appropriate treatment and evaluation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ojo seco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[úlcera corneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bloqueador neuromuscular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dry eye]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corneal ulcer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neuromuscular blocker]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[incidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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