<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000800007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Unique carbon-nano-structure for high quality electron-emitter to be employed in a variety of applications]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Akio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hirohisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kochi University of Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tosayamada Kochi]]></addr-line>
<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>44</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[There have been many trials to employ nano-carbon materials, such as carbon-nano-tubes and nano-diamond films, as electron-emitter. Several reasons exist why the nano-carbon materials are good for the emitter. They are, in addition to (a) unique morphological shapes of the materials good for the emitter- the high aspect ratio of the carbon-nano-tube is a good example-, (b) sturdiness(they can even be formed in a plasma), (c) high thermal conductivity (current density in the electron-emitting-nano-structure is high, thus it is vital to provide effective Joule-heat dissipation), and (d) easiness of the fabrication of the electron-emitting carbon materials. In order to fabricate good electron emitters, we have long been trying to employ a variety of fabrication CVD methods and fabricating conditions (starting CVD gas, pressure, temperature, substrate materials and so on).Then recently our emitters have shown a world-top-ranking property: very low turn-on- voltage(0.5V/µm induce 10µA/cm² of emission current) and high current at low applied voltage with gap distance of 1mm(1mA/cm² at 1.1V/µm and 100/ at 2V/µm). This excellent property comes from a carbon-nano-structure which we call CNX(Carbon-Nano-eXit). In addition, these emitter can be formed on a variety of substrates(Ni, Ni-Cr, SUS or others), in forms of wire or pipe, very quickly. Namely, by one reactor, it is possible to fabricate 50<img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmf/v54s2/a7s1.jpg">100 km of "wire or pipe type emitter" per month. The wire type emitter is good for both high field concentration and avoiding the so-called "edge-effect".Then using these emitters, we are able to fabricate Mercury-free fluorescence lamps with high efficiency (<img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmf/v54s2/a7s1.jpg">601m/watt) and high brightness of more than 10(5)cd/m²(white-light).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se han llevado a cabo varios intentos para construir emisores de electrones a partir de materiales nanoestructurados a base de carbono en la forma de nanotubos y películas de nanodiamantes. Existen varias razones para considerar a estos materiales como emisores de electrones. Estos poseen: (a) especiales aspectos morfológicos adecuados para buenos emisores, (b) durabilidad (se pueden forma a partir de plasma), (c) alta conductividad termica, (d) fácil fabricación. Con el objeto de fabricar buenos emisores de electrones, hemos utilizado una gran variedad de métodos de CVD y diferentes condiciones de fabricación (gas precursor inicial, presión, temperatura, diferentes substratos, etc.). Recientemente, nuestros emisores exhibieron propiedades excepcionales a nivel mundial: voltaje de encendido muy bajo y alta corriente con bajo voltaje aplicado (0.5V/µm para inducir 10µA/cm² de corriente inducida) y distancia de brecha de 1 mm (1mA/cm², 1.1V/µm y 100/, 2V/µm). Estas excelentes propiedades se deben a la forma de carbono nanoestructurado llamado CNX(Carbon-Nano-eXit). Ademas, los emisores pueden depositarse facilmente en una gran variedad de substratos (Ni, Ni-Cr, SUS, entre otros) en la forma de hilos o tubos. Por ejemplo, un reactor puede fabricar en un mes entre 50 a 100 km de emisores en la forma de hilo o tubos. Los emisores de hilo son adecuados para campos altamente concentrados y evitan los "efectos de bordes". La utilización de estos emisores permite la fabricación de lámparas fluorescentes sin mercurio de alta eficiencia (aprox. 60 1m/Watt) y brillo superior a 10(5) cd/m² (Luz blanca).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electron emitters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CVD diamond]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon-nanostructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon nano wires]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Emisores de electrones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbono nanoestructurado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diamante CVD]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Unique carbon&#150;nano&#150;structure for high quality electron&#150;emitter to be employed in a variety of applications </b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Akio Hiraki and Hirohisa Hirak</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kochi, Japan, Tel: +81&#150;887&#150;57&#150;2760, Fax: +81&#150;887&#150;57&#150;2777, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:hiraki.akio@kochi-tech.ac.jp">hiraki.akio@kochi&#150;tech.ac.jp</a>; <a href="mailto:hiraki@dialight.co.jp">hiraki@dialight.co.jp</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 12 de octubre de 2007    <br> Aceptado el 9 de agosto de 2008</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">There have been many trials to employ nano&#150;carbon materials, such as carbon&#150;nano&#150;tubes and nano&#150;diamond films, as electron&#150;emitter. Several reasons exist why the nano&#150;carbon materials are good for the emitter. They are, in addition to (a) unique morphological shapes of the materials good for the emitter&#150; the high aspect ratio of the carbon&#150;nano&#150;tube is a good example&#150;, (b) sturdiness(they can even be formed in a plasma), (c) high thermal conductivity (current density in the electron&#150;emitting&#150;nano&#150;structure is high, thus it is vital to provide effective Joule&#150;heat dissipation), and (d) easiness of the fabrication of the electron&#150;emitting carbon materials. In order to fabricate good electron emitters, we have long been trying to employ a variety of fabrication CVD methods and fabricating conditions (starting CVD gas, pressure, temperature, substrate materials and so on).Then recently our emitters have shown a world&#150;top&#150;ranking property: very low turn&#150;on&#150; voltage(0.5V/<i>&micro;</i>m induce 10<i>&micro;</i>A/cm<sup>2</sup> of emission current) and high current at low applied voltage with gap distance of 1mm(1mA/cm<sup>2 </sup>at 1.1V/<i>&micro;</i>m and 100/ at 2V/<i>&micro;</i>m). This excellent property comes from a carbon&#150;nano&#150;structure which we call CNX(Carbon&#150;Nano&#150;eXit). In addition, these emitter can be formed on a variety of substrates(Ni, Ni&#150;Cr, SUS or others), in forms of wire or pipe, very quickly. Namely, by one reactor, it is possible to fabricate 50<img src="/img/revistas/rmf/v54s2/a7s1.jpg">100 km of "wire or pipe type emitter" per month. The wire type emitter is good for both high field concentration and avoiding the so&#150;called "edge&#150;effect".Then using these emitters, we are able to fabricate Mercury&#150;free fluorescence lamps with high efficiency (<img src="/img/revistas/rmf/v54s2/a7s1.jpg">601m/watt) and high brightness of more than 10<sup>5</sup>cd/m<sup>2</sup>(white&#150;light).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Electron emitters; CVD diamond; carbon&#150;nanostructure; carbon nano wires.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se han llevado a cabo varios intentos para construir emisores de electrones a partir de materiales nanoestructurados a base de carbono en la forma de nanotubos y pel&iacute;culas de nanodiamantes. Existen varias razones para considerar a estos materiales como emisores de electrones. Estos poseen: (a) especiales aspectos morfol&oacute;gicos adecuados para buenos emisores, (b) durabilidad (se pueden forma a partir de plasma), (c) alta conductividad termica, (d) f&aacute;cil fabricaci&oacute;n. Con el objeto de fabricar buenos emisores de electrones, hemos utilizado una gran variedad de m&eacute;todos de CVD y diferentes condiciones de fabricaci&oacute;n (gas precursor inicial, presi&oacute;n, temperatura, diferentes substratos, etc.). Recientemente, nuestros emisores exhibieron propiedades excepcionales a nivel mundial: voltaje de encendido muy bajo y alta corriente con bajo voltaje aplicado (0.5V/<i>&micro;</i>m para inducir 10<i>&micro;</i>A/cm<sup>2</sup> de corriente inducida) y distancia de brecha de 1 mm (1mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 1.1V/<i>&micro;</i>m y 100/, 2V/<i>&micro;</i>m). Estas excelentes propiedades se deben a la forma de carbono nanoestructurado llamado CNX(Carbon&#150;Nano&#150;eXit). Ademas, los emisores pueden depositarse facilmente en una gran variedad de substratos (Ni, Ni&#150;Cr, SUS, entre otros) en la forma de hilos o tubos. Por ejemplo, un reactor puede fabricar en un mes entre 50 a 100 km de emisores en la forma de hilo o tubos. Los emisores de hilo son adecuados para campos altamente concentrados y evitan los "efectos de bordes". La utilizaci&oacute;n de estos emisores permite la fabricaci&oacute;n de l&aacute;mparas fluorescentes sin mercurio de alta eficiencia (aprox. 60 1m/Watt) y brillo superior a 10<sup>5</sup> cd/m<sup>2</sup> (Luz blanca).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Emisores de electrones; carbono nanoestructurado; diamante CVD.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 61.46.+w; 79.70.+q; 81.05.Uw; 81.07.&#150;b; 85.45.Fd</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54s2/v54s2a7.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. W.A. de Heer, A. Chatelain and D. Ugrate, <i>Science </i><b>270</b> (1995) 1179.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350190&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. K. Okano, K. Hoshina, M. Iida, S. Koizumi, and T. Inuzuka, <i>Appl. Phys. Lett. </i><b>64</b> (1994) 2742.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350191&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. A. Hiraki,<i> Appl. Surface Science </i><b>162&#150;163</b> (2000) 326.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350192&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. For example: W.A. Anderson, <i>J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B</i> <b>11</b> (1993) 383;    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350193&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --> Y.Y. Lau, Youfan Liu, and R.K. Parker, <i>Phys. Plasmas </i><b>1</b> (1994) 2082.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350194&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. L. Nilsson <i>et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. </i><b>76</b> (2000) 2071.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350195&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. T. Yara, H. Makita, A. Hatta, T. Ito, and A. Hiraki, <i>Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.</i> <b>34</b> (1995) L312.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350196&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. A. Hiraki and B.S. Satyanarayama, <i>IEICE Trans. Electron. E<b>86&#150;C</b> </i>(2003) 816.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350197&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. N. Jiang <i>et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. </i><b>81</b> (2002) 526.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350198&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. K. Nishimura, N. Jiang, and A. Hiraki, <i>IEICE Trans. Electron. E</i><b>86&#150;C</b> (2003) 821.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350199&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. H.  Hiraki,  N.  Jiang,  H.X.  Wang,  and A.  Hiraki, <i>J. Phys. IV (France). </i><b>132</b> (2006) 111.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350200&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. H. Hiraki, A. Hiraki, N. Jiang, and H.X. Wang, <i>J. Korean Physical Soc </i><b>49</b> (2006) 1276.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350201&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. For example: Y Xia <i>et al., Adv. Mater </i><b>15</b> (2003) 353.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350202&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13. H.X. Wang, N. Jiang, H. Hiraki, M. Haba, and A. Hiraki, <i>ICIS'06 International Congress of Imaging Science </i>(ISBN 0&#150;89208&#150;260&#150;7) (2006) 689.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8350203&pid=S0035-001X200800080000700014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Heer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatelain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugrate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>270</numero>
<issue>270</issue>
<page-range>1179</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoshina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koizumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inuzuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Phys. Lett.]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<numero>64</numero>
<issue>64</issue>
<page-range>2742</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Surface Science]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>162-163</numero>
<issue>162-163</issue>
<page-range>326</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>383</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Youfan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Plasmas]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2082</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Phys. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>76</numero>
<issue>76</issue>
<page-range>2071</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>L312</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satyanarayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEICE Trans. Electron.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>E86-C</numero>
<issue>E86-C</issue>
<page-range>816</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Phys. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>526</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEICE Trans. Electron.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>E86-C</numero>
<issue>E86-C</issue>
<page-range>821</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. IV]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>132</numero>
<issue>132</issue>
<page-range>111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Korean Physical Soc]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>1276</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Adv. Mater]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>353</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ICIS'06 International Congress of Imaging Science]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>689</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
