<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crack effects on the propagation of elastic waves in structural elements]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Farfán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivera-Villaseñor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>104</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Behavior of the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor (DSIF) in cracked plates and tubular elements is analyzed. The finite Element Method was used to validate the procedure used by Chen to determine DSIF in a centrally cracked plate loaded with a step function. Once the validation is done, length and orientation of the crack are varied to determine their effect on wave propagation and DSIF values. To expand the study, the analysis is also applied to cracked tubular elements. In all cases, DSIF variation is interpreted as a function of the stresses produced by the interaction of the elastic waves with the boundaries of the structural element studied. Dependence of DSIF values on dilatational, transversal and Rayleigh waves is seen. These elastic waves and their interaction with the structural element boundaries and crack surfaces determine load and unload cycles at the crack tip affecting the stress field and DSIF values.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En el presente estudio se analiza el comportamiento del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Dinámico en placas y elementos tubulares agrietados. Para alcanzar tal objetivo se emplea la técnica numérica conocida como Método del Elemento Finito validando primeramente su aplicacion al comparar los resultados con los obtenidos en el problema estudiado por Chen, el cual consiste en cargar dinámicamente una placa centralmente agrietada mediante una funcion escalón. Una vez realizada la validación, se estudia la influencia de la longitud de la grieta y su orientación y posteriormente se analiza el comportamiento de una sección tubular agrietada. En todos los casos, se evidencia el comportamiento del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Dinámico, el cual es interpretado como una función de los esfuerzos generados por la interacción de las ondas elásticas con las fronteras del elemento estructural estudiado. Se observa que existe una dependencia completa de tal factor con respecto a las ondas dilatacionales, transversales y de Rayleigh. Por lo tanto, la interaccion de las ondas elásticas y las fronteras del elemento estructural determinan ciclos de carga y descarga en la punta de la grieta, afectando el campo de esfuerzos y particularmente la configuracion del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Dinámico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elastic waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stress waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diffraction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dynamic stress intensity factor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ondas elásticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[difracción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factor de intensidad de esfuerzos dinámico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Crack effects on the propagation of elastic waves in structural elements</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Rodr&iacute;guez&#150;Castellanos, J.E. Rodr&iacute;guez&#150;S&aacute;nchez, J. N&uacute;&ntilde;ez&#150;Farf&aacute;n, and R.E. Olivera&#150;Villase&ntilde;or</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central L&aacute;zaro C&aacute;rdenas 152, D.F. M&eacute;xico, Tel. 9175 6968, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:arcastel@imp.mx">arcastel@imp.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 22 de octubre de 2004    <br> Aceptado el 8 de diciembre de 2005</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Behavior of the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor (DSIF) in cracked plates and tubular elements is analyzed. The finite Element Method was used to validate the procedure used by Chen to determine DSIF in a centrally cracked plate loaded with a step function. Once the validation is done, length and orientation of the crack are varied to determine their effect on wave propagation and DSIF values. To expand the study, the analysis is also applied to cracked tubular elements. In all cases, DSIF variation is interpreted as a function of the stresses produced by the interaction of the elastic waves with the boundaries of the structural element studied. Dependence of DSIF values on dilatational, transversal and Rayleigh waves is seen. These elastic waves and their interaction with the structural element boundaries and crack surfaces determine load and unload cycles at the crack tip affecting the stress field and DSIF values.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Elastic waves; stress waves; diffraction; dynamic stress intensity factor.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente estudio se analiza el comportamiento del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Din&aacute;mico en placas y elementos tubulares agrietados. Para alcanzar tal objetivo se emplea la t&eacute;cnica num&eacute;rica conocida como M&eacute;todo del Elemento Finito validando primeramente su aplicacion al comparar los resultados con los obtenidos en el problema estudiado por Chen, el cual consiste en cargar din&aacute;micamente una placa centralmente agrietada mediante una funcion escal&oacute;n. Una vez realizada la validaci&oacute;n, se estudia la influencia de la longitud de la grieta y su orientaci&oacute;n y posteriormente se analiza el comportamiento de una secci&oacute;n tubular agrietada. En todos los casos, se evidencia el comportamiento del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Din&aacute;mico, el cual es interpretado como una funci&oacute;n de los esfuerzos generados por la interacci&oacute;n de las ondas el&aacute;sticas con las fronteras del elemento estructural estudiado. Se observa que existe una dependencia completa de tal factor con respecto a las ondas dilatacionales, transversales y de Rayleigh. Por lo tanto, la interaccion de las ondas el&aacute;sticas y las fronteras del elemento estructural determinan ciclos de carga y descarga en la punta de la grieta, afectando el campo de esfuerzos y particularmente la configuracion del Factor de Intensidad de Esfuerzos Din&aacute;mico.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Ondas el&aacute;sticas; difracci&oacute;n; factor de intensidad de esfuerzos din&aacute;mico.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 62.20.&#150;x; 62.20.Mk; 62.30.+d</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52n2/v52n2a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors would like to thank the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo for the support given in producing this paper, and to the editor's reviewer for the valuable comments given to this work.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. A. A. 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