<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2604-1227</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2604-1227</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2604-12272022000200071</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmo.m22000218</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actualización desde la anatomía funcional y clínica del sistema visual: énfasis en la vía y la corteza visual]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Functional and clinical anatomy of the visual system: An update with emphasis on the visual pathway and cortex]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neira-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valeria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Grisales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henao-Villada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af4"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud (ECS)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud (ECS) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad CES Facultad de Psicología y Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El sistema visual está conformado por el globo ocular, la vía y la corteza visual. La integración de los tres soporta el espectro de las funciones visuales: agudeza visual, visión cromática, estereopsis y sensibilidad al contraste. Sin embargo, la vía y la corteza visual son las encargadas no solo de la transmisión y la interpretación básica de los estímulos visuales, sino también de su percepción y asociación de alto orden. La neuroanatomía regional, sistémica y funcional del sistema visual, en especial de la vía y la corteza visual, es fundamental para comprender los trastornos neurooftalmológicos. Se realiza una revisión de tema sobre la anatomía funcional y clínica del sistema visual centrada en la vía y la corteza visual. Se muestran aspectos históricos, conformación de la vía visual extracerebral e intracerebral, corteza visual primaria y extraestriada, con correlaciones clínicas de retina y nervio óptico, quiasma, tractos ópticos y núcleo geniculado lateral, radiaciones ópticas y corteza visual. La vía visual inicia desde los fotorreceptores en la retina, dividiéndose en un segmento extracerebral y otro intracerebral respecto al núcleo geniculado lateral, hasta su interconexión con la corteza visual primaria. La retina, la vía y la corteza visual poseen un alto nivel de organización y representación retinotópica tanto estructural como funcional, existiendo dentro del sistema visual varios subsistemas y conexiones, y cerca de 30 zonas corticales, con actividades específicas que permiten el fenómeno de la visión. Las lesiones de la vía visual en general afectan los campos visuales, y las lesiones corticales extraestriadas producen agnosias visuales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The visual system is conformed by the eyeball, visual pathway, and visual cortex. Their integration supports the spectrum of visual functions: visual acuity, chromatic vision, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. However, the visual pathway and cortex are responsible not only for the transmission and basic interpretation of visual stimuli, but for their perception and high-order association. The regional, systemic and functional neuroanatomy of the visual system, especially of the visual pathway and cortex, are essential to understand neuro-ophthalmological disorders. This is a review article of the functional and clinical anatomy of the visual system centered on the visual pathway and cortex. Historical aspects are discussed, as well as the conformation of the visual pathway and the primary and extrastriate visual cortex, with respective clinical correlations of the retina, optic nerve, chiasm, optic tracts and lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiation and visual cortex. The visual pathway begins from the retinal photoreceptors, and it&#8217;s divided into extra and intracerebral segments according to their position in regard to the lateral geniculate nucleus. The retina, pathway and visual cortex have a high level of organization and both a structural and functional retinotopic representation, existing several subsystems and connections within the visual system, and about 30 cortical zones, with specific activities that enable the phenomenon of vision. In general, visual pathway injuries affect the visual fields, and extrastriate cortical damages produce visual agnosias.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anatomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neuroanatomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vías visuales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Corteza visual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Percepción visual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastornos de la visión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anatomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neuroanatomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visual pathways]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visual cortex]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visual perception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vision disorders]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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