<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2594-2166</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina y ética]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. ética]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2594-2166</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Anáhuac México, Facultad de Bioética]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2594-21662025000301010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36105/mye.2025v36n3.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Dolor sin consciencia? Repensar el dolor-sufrimiento en pacientes con desórdenes de la consciencia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pain Without Consciousness? Rethinking pain-suffering in Disorders of Consciousness]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montiel Boehringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zamira Verónika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Xochicalco Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ensenada Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1010</fpage>
<lpage>1072</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000301010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000301010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000301010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los desórdenes de la consciencia (DoC) son un desafío para la comprensión del dolor y del sufrimiento, ya que son experiencias subjetivas complejas que involucran múltiples redes neuronales. Estudios neurofisiológicos y de neuroimagen sugieren que algunos pacientes en estado vegetativo podrían experimentar dolor y que aquellos con consciencia encubierta tienen mayor probabilidad de percibirlo. Sin embargo, los pacientes al no poderlo expresar son ignorados por el personal médico. Esta revisión narrativa aborda las investigaciones neurocientíficas recientes sobre el dolor en estos pacientes, resaltando la necesidad de reconsiderarlo en la práctica clínica. En un contexto de incertidumbre diagnóstica y pronóstica, es fundamental profundizar en la investigación y establecer marcos éticos que garanticen el respeto a la autonomía y el bienestar de estos pacientes, por lo que se abordan los dilemas bioéticos derivados del uso de neurotecnologías en pacientes que no pueden expresar su consentimiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Disorders of consciousness (DoC) are a challenge for understanding pain and suffering, as they are complex subjective experiences involving multiple neural networks. Neurophysiological studies and neuroimaging suggest that some patients in a vegetative state may experience pain, and those with covert consciousness are more likely to perceive it. However, these patients are often ignored by medical staff because they cannot express it. This narrative review addresses recent neuroscientific research on pain in these patients, highlighting the need to reconsider it in clinical practice. In the context of diagnostic and prognostic uncertainty, it is crucial to deepen research and establish ethical frameworks to ensure respect for the autonomy and well-being of these patients, addressing the bioethical dilemmas derived from the use of neurotechnologies in patients who cannot express consent.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado vegetativo/síndrome de vigilia sin respuesta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado de mínima consciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disociación cognitivo-motora]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[minimally conscious state]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive-motor dissociation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioethics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Multi-Society Task Force on PVS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>330</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>1499-508</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Multi-Society Task Force on PVS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State. Prognosis for Recovery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>330</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>1572-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giacino JT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ashwal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Childs]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cranford]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennett]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[B]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[D I. The Minimally Conscious State. Definition and diagnostic criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Academy of Neurology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>349-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerebral Function in Coma, Vegetative State, Minimally Conscious State, Locked-in Syndrome, and Brain Death]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>2001</volume>
<page-range>386-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demertzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soddu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consciousness supporting networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Neurobiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>239-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faymonville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Degueldre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fiore G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambermont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Auditory processing in the vegetative state]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>1589-601</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faymonville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peigneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambermont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Fiore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cortical Processing of Noxious Somatosensory Stimuli in the Persistent Vegetative State]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroimage]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>732-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detecting awareness in the vegetative state]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>313</volume>
<numero>5792</numero>
<issue>5792</issue>
<page-range>1402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanhaudenhuyse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tshibanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Willful Modulation of Brain Activity in Disorders of Consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>579-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlawish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alive inside]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioethics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>295-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celesia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohadon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavrijsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sannita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: A new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spindler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LRB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Górska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms Underlying Disorders of Consciousness: Bridging Gaps to Move Toward an Integrated Translational Science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurocrit Care]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>37-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eberwine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farahany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The NIH BRAIN Initiative: Integrating Neuroethics and Neuroscience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuron]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>394-8</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cell Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giacino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whyte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice Guideline Update Recommendations Summary: Disorders of Consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1699-709</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kondziella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diserens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Erp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estraneo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formisano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European Academy of Neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Neurol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>741-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comanducci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Lucia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical and advanced neurophysiology in the prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of disorders of consciousness: review of an IFCN-endorsed expert group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Neurophysiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>2736-65</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Ireland Ltd]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognosis for patients with cognitive motor dissociation identified by brain-computer interface]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1177-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common data elements for disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurocrit Care]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[IASP Revises Its Definition of Pain for the First Time Since]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finnerup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Revised IASP definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises HHS Public Access]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1976-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zasler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formisano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain in Persons with Disorders of Consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sciences. MDPI]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptualizing suffering and pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarponi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disturbi di coscienza: approccio riabilitativo al dolore. Disorders of consciousness: Rehabilitative perspective in management of pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Il Fisioterapista]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>11-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observer-rated pain assessment instruments improve both the detection of pain and the evaluation of pain intensity in people with dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Pain]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1558-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tools for assessment of pain in nonverbal older adults with dementia: A state-of-the-science review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Symptom Manage]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>170-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain assessment strategies in older patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pain]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>^s3</numero>
<issue>^s3</issue>
<supplement>3</supplement>
<page-range>S3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tassorelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamburin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avenali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing and treating pain in movement disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, severe acquired brain injury, disorders of consciousness, dementia, oncology and neuroinfectivology: Evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanhaudenhuyse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majerus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Nociception Coma Scale: A new tool to assess nociception in disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guldenmund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mindsight: Diagnostics in disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care Research and Practice]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thibaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hustinx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nociception coma scale-revised scores correlate with metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurorehabil Neural Repair]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sattin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giunco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence of altered pressure pain thresholds in persons with disorders of consciousness as measured by the Nociception Coma Scale-Italian version]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuropsychol Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1295-310</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EAC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lejeune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szymkowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonhomme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gosseries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment and management of pain/nociception in patients with disorders of consciousness or locked-in syndrome: A narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rifici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pollicino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bramanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cortical responsiveness to nociceptive stimuli in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness: Do c-fiber laser evoked potentials have a role?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabrò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller-Eising]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain perception in disorder of consciousness: A scoping review on current knowledge, clinical applications, and future perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sciences. MDPI AG]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Ridder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adhia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanneste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The anatomy of pain and suffering in the brain and its clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosci Biobehav Rev]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>125-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riganello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macrì]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alleva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soddu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leòn-Carriòn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain perception in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may challenge the interruption of artificial nutrition and hydration: Neuroethics in action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Neurology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pistoia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarà]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carolei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disorders of consciousness: Painless or painful conditions?-evidence from neuroimaging studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sciences. MDPI AG]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabrò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller-Eising]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain perception in disorder of consciousness: A scoping review on current knowledge, clinical applications, and future perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sciences. MDPI AG]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majerus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whyte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laureys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A sensitive scale to assess nociceptive pain in patients with disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1233-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemirovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soddu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nociceptive Response Is a Possible Marker of Evolution in the Level of Consciousness in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eifert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of Nociception and Pain in Participants in an Unresponsive or Minimally Conscious State After Acquired Brain Injury: The Relation Between the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised and the Nociception Coma Scale-Revised]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1755-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formisano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiattone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1893-2904 Nociception Coma Scale with personalized painful stimulation versus standard stimulus in non-communicative patients with disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuropsychological Rehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atlas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distinguishing pain from nociception, salience, and arousal: How autonomic nervous system activity can improve neuroimaging tests of specificity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroimage]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>204</volume>
<page-range>116254</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riganello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soddu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[I Feel! Therefore, I Am from Pain to Consciousness in DOC Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>11825</numero>
<issue>11825</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castiglioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arienti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agnello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cardio-respiratory autonomic responses to nociceptive stimuli in patients with disorders of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabrò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manuli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Luca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Buono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain perception in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness: What can limbic system tell us?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Neurophysiology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>454-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faymonville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peigneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambermont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perception of pain in the minimally conscious state with PET activation: an observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[www.thelancet.com/neurology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1013-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[M&#8364; Uller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotchoubey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brain processing of pain in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Behav]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>95-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disorder of Consciousness | Card Results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[National Library of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ClinicalTrials.gov]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amadio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boshears]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuroethics Questions to Guide Ethical Research in the International Brain Initiatives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuron]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<page-range>19-36</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cell Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethical Considerations in Clinical Trials for Disorders of Consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sci]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giacino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hochberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The neuroethics of disorders of consciousness: A brief history of evolving ideas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3291-310</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mintz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unlocking the Voices of Patients with Severe Brain Injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroethics]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas con participantes humanos]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WMA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta-Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Tello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Loyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los Potenciales Relacionados a Eventos (PREs): una técnica para estudiar el funcionamiento del cerebro durante el procesamiento de información: Event-Related Potentials (ERPs): a technique to study brain functioning during information processing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[e-CUCBA]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>183-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Valerdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreola-Villarruel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argüello-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[eBrain computer-interfaces: Conceptualization, redesign challenges and social impact]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
