<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092021000600319</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/103718</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De lo complejo a lo simple&#8230; deshidrogenasa láctica como marcador de severidad en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From complex to simple... lactic dehydrogenase as a severity marker in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Do complexo ao simples&#8230; Desidrogenase láctica como marcador de gravidade em pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero Topete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Plata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Bajío Hospital de Especialidades No. 1]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[León Guanajuato]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>319</fpage>
<lpage>328</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092021000600319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092021000600319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092021000600319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen está disponible en el texto completo]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  The reference standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 remains reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive, while plain chest computed tomography (CT) has been more sensitive and specific in severity classification. In defining the severity of SARS-CoV-2, clinical, imaging and laboratory criteria have been specified, mentioning several markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Historically, LHD has been of interest as a biomarker associated with lung damage, with a greater peak during the influenza A H1N1 pandemic, and taken as a marker in the definition of severity.  Objective:  To determine the diagnostic performance of serum LHD levels on admission to the ICU as a marker of severity in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.  Material and methods:  Observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study, carried out in two stages, the first (April 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020) consisted of a correlation study between serum LHD levels at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and simple chest CT, a moderate correlation was obtained between serum LHD levels and severity score by pulmonary tomography, with an r = 0.5 and p &lt; 0.0001; a severity-associated serum LHD cut-off point of 396 U/dL was obtained (p &lt; 0.001, sensitivity 86.02%, specificity 75%). The second stage was extended until December 31, 2020, in which analysis is performed for diagnostic test performance, in inferential statistics correlation tests are performed, a multiple linear regression model is built, analysis was performed for diagnostic tests by building two-by-two contingency Tables, determining sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios and Bayesian analysis.  Results:  155 patients were included in the study to determine the diagnostic performance of serum LHD levels in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; by multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that LHD levels on admission to the ICU is a predictor of severity in patients with SARS-CoV-2. A sensitivity of 0.92, specificity 0.41, with PPV 0.854, NPV 0.57 and an accuracy of 0.83, an LR + 1.57 and LR- 0.63 were obtained. In the post-test probability results, patients with DHL &gt; 396 U/dL have a 86.3% probability of developing severe COVID-19. DHL levels have a direct correlation with ICU days of stay and days of invasive mechanical ventilation with statistical significance (p = 0.001, p = 0.033 respectively).  Conclusion:  Serum LHD levels have a high sensitivity to diagnose COVID-19 severity; and in the absence of simple chest CT, it can predict severe lung damage. It constitutes a test with high screening power in severe cases of COVID-19; with a probability of almost double (LR + 1.6) that of predicting a severe case.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  O padrão de referência para o diagnóstico de COVID-19 continua sendo a reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcriptase reversa positiva (RT-PCR), enquanto a tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax simples tem se mostrado mais sensível e específica na classificação de gravidade. Na definição da gravidade do SARS-CoV-2, foram especificados critérios clínicos, de imagem e laboratoriais, mencionando vários marcadores, incluindo a desidrogenase láctica (DHL). A DHL ao longo da história tem sido de interesse como biomarcador associado a danos pulmonares, com maior boom durante a pandemia de influenza A H1N1, e tomado como marcador na definição de gravidade.  Objetivo:  Determinar o desempenho diagnóstico de dois níveis séricos de DHL na admissão à UTI como marcador de gravidade em pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2.  Métodos:  Estudo observacional, analítico, longitudinal e prospectivo, realizado em duas etapas, a primeira (01 de abril de 2020 a 30 de setembro de 2020) consistiu em um estudo de correlação entre os níveis séricos de DHL na admissão na UTI e TC simples de tórax, um foi obtida correlação entre os níveis séricos de DHL e o escore de gravidade pela tomografia pulmonar, com r 0.5 ep &lt; 0.0001; um ponto de corte para DHL sérico associado à gravidade de 396 U/dL foi obtido (p &lt; 0.001, sensibilidade 86.02%, especificidade 75%). A segunda etapa foi estendida até 31 de dezembro de 2020, na qual são realizadas análises para realização de testes diagnósticos, testes de correlação em estatística inferencial, construção de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, análise para testes diagnósticos, construção tabelas de contingência dois a dois, determinando sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo, razões de verossimilhança e análise Bayesiana.  Resultados:  155 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo para determinar o desempenho diagnóstico dos níveis séricos de DHL em pacientes com infecção grave por SARS-CoV-2; pela análise de regressão linear múltipla, determina-se que os níveis de DHL na admissão à UTI é um preditor de gravidade em pacientes com SARS-CoV-2. Obteve-se sensibilidade de 0.92, especificidade de 0.41, com VPP 0.854, VPN 0.57 e exatidão de 0.83, LR+ 1.57 e LR- 0.63. Nos resultados de probabilidade pós-teste, pacientes com DHL &gt; 396 U/Dl têm probabilidade de 86.3% de desenvolver doença grave por COVID-19. Os níveis de DHL têm correlação direta com os dias de permanência na UTI e os dias de tratamento invasivo ventilação mecânica com significância estatística (p = 0.001, p = 0.33 respectivamente).  Conclusão:  Os níveis séricos de DHL têm alta sensibilidade para diagnosticar gravidade por COVID-19; e na ausência de TC simples de tórax, pode predizer danos pulmonares graves. Constitui um teste com alto poder de escrutínio em casos graves de COVID-19; com quase o dobro da probabilidade (LR + 1.6) de predizer uma condição grave.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Deshidrogenasa láctica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[severidad en SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prueba diagnóstica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lactate dehydrogenase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 severity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnostic test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desidrogenase láctica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gravidade em SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[teste de diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19 cases and deaths reported by countries and territories in the Americas Last]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Please visit the PAHO COVID-19 Geo-HUB for recent information]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>903-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<numero>10223</numero>
<issue>10223</issue>
<page-range>507-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of predictors of disease severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a descriptive and retrospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med (NY)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>128-138.e3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>727-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luviano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guía COVID-19 para la atención del paciente crítico con infección por SARS-CoV-2 Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Crit]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretación de la deshidrogenasa láctica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bol Ped]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>132-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olive]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isoenzimas de lactato deshidrogenasa en el suero y aspirado bronquial de recién nacidos con dificultad respiratoria de etiología diversa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[An Esp Pediatr]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>62-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greiff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The level of lactic dehydrogenase activity as an indicator of the grwoth of influenza virus in the embryonate egg]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Exp Med]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>125-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caprotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Primucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infección respiratoria por influenza A H1N1 en cuidados intensivos de la República Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[An Pediatr (Barc)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>62-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Funcasta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprehensive review on lactate metabolism in human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mitochondrion]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>76-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and total lactate dehydrogenase values in health and disease, and clinical evaluation of these tests by means of discriminant analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Pathol]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>320-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Examining the association between serum lactic dehydrogenase and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deshidrogenasa láctica como factor pronóstico en neumonías]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Int Mex]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>563-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barranco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores predictores de defunción en pacientes con neumonía por influenza A H1N1]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Int Mex]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>421-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lactate dehydrogenase is associated with 28 day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Surg Res]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>228</volume>
<page-range>314-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence, clinical characteristics and prognostic factor of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[medRxiv]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lactate dehydrogenase, an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective and observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging (Albany NY)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>11245-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno de México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín estadístico sobre exceso de mortalidad por todas las causas durante la emergencia por COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaduganathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vardeny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>1653-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lynch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Rio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mild or moderate Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>383</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1757-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verity]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorigatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>669-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iafrate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>6808-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1,014 cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>296</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>E32-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prokop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Everdingen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Rees Vellinga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CO-RADS: a categorical CT assessment scheme for patients suspected of having COVID-19-definition and evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>296</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>E97-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tjendra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Mana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients: a review of multiple biomarkers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pathol Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1465-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mellado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características, evolución clínica y factores asociados a la mortalidad en UCI de los pacientes críticos infectados por SARS-CoV-2 en España: estudio prospectivo, de cohorte y multicéntrico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>425-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coagulopathy of coronavirus disease 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1358-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytopathic hypoxia. Mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanism contributing to organ dysfunction in sepsis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Clin]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>219-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinestroza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villasmil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Deshidrogenasa láctica sérica en pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Pulmón 6]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) en niños estudiados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pediatr Mex]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>162-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1393-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
