<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092020000500265</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/96456</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenación en los pacientes neuroquirúrgicos utilizando dos estrategias ventilatorias en el perioperatorio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Index of oxygenation in neurosurgical patients using two ventilatory strategies on the perioperatory]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenação em pacientes neurocirúrgicos utilizando duas estratégias ventilatórias no perioperatório]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonn Monserrat]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peniche Moguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josué Eli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calyeca Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) «Adolfo Ruiz Cortines» Hospital de Especialidades No. 14]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle de México Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>265</fpage>
<lpage>272</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000500265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000500265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000500265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  La comorbilidad pulmonar postoperatoria dependerá de factores relacionados con el paciente, modificables y no modificables, pero definitivamente los parámetros ventilatorios intraoperatorios tienen un rol fundamental. Existen índices de oxigenación (IO) que pueden resultar útiles en la evaluación del grado de lesión pulmonar.  Material y métodos:  Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, analítico, de casos y controles. Pacientes que requirieron intervención neuroquirúrgica (urgente o electiva) y ventilación mecánica invasiva para el procedimiento. Durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1o de enero de 2018 al 31 de diciembre de 2018. Los pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión se asignaron uno a uno para pertenecer al grupo Vt Intermedio (&gt; 8 a &lt; 10 mL/kg peso predicho) o al grupo Vt Bajo (6-8 mL/kg peso predicho). La PEEP fue determinada a consideración del médico (anestesiólogo).  Resultados:  En el periodo considerado se incluyeron 60 pacientes, los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Del total, 30 pacientes se incluyeron en el grupo Vt Intermedio (VtI) y 30 pacientes en el grupo Vt Bajo (VtB). La modalidad ventilatoria más utilizada fue asisto-control-volumen (ACV) con 96.7% para VtI y 100% para VtB con p = 0.3. El Vt por peso predicho en el grupo de VtI tuvo una media de 8.9 mL/kg y en el grupo de VtB una media de 7.1 mL/kg con una p = 0.001. La escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG) posterior a la extubación fue de 14.3 puntos y 14.4 puntos para VtI y VtB sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa.  Conclusión:  Utilizar volumen corriente intermedio (&gt; 8 a &lt; 10 mL/kg peso predicho) en los pacientes neuroquirúrgicos ocasiona alteración de los índices de oxigenación: PaO2/FiO2 y PaO2/PAO2. El nivel de PEEP durante el perioperatorio de los pacientes neuroquirúrgicos no ocasiona diferencia significativa en la escala de coma de Glasgow.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Postoperative pulmonary comorbidity will depend on factors related to the patient, modifiable and non-modifiable, but intraoperative ventilatory parameters definitely play a fundamental role. There are oxygenation indices (OI) that may be useful in assessing the degree of lung injury.  Material and methods:  Prospective, descriptive, analytical, case-control study. Patients who required neurosurgical intervention (urgent or elective) and invasive mechanical ventilation for the procedure. During the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned 1 to 1 to belong to the Intermediate Tidal Volumen group (ItV) (&gt; 8 to &lt; 10 mL/kg predicted weight) or to the Low Tidal Volumen group (LtV) (6-8 mL/kg predicted weight). PEEP was determined for the doctor&#8217;s consideration (anesthesiologist).  Results:  In the period considered, 60 patients were included who met the inclusion criteria. Of the total, 30 patients were included in the ItV group and 30 patients in the LtV group. The most commonly used ventilatory modality was asysto-control-volume (ACV) with 96.7% for ItV and 100% for LtV with p = 0.3. The predicted weight tV in the ItV group had an average of 8.9 mL/kg and in the LtV group an average of 7.1 mL/kg with a p = 0.001 The Glasgow coma scale (GCE) after extubation was of 14.3 points and 14.4 points for ItV and LtV without statistically significant difference.  Conclusion:  Using intermediate tidal volume (&gt; 8 to &lt; 10 mL/kg predicted weight) in neurosurgical patients, causes alteration of oxygenation rates: PaO2/FiO2 and PaO2/PAO2. The level of PEEP during the perioperative period of neurosurgical patients does not cause a significant difference in the Glasgow coma scale.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  A comorbidade pulmonar pós-operatória vai depender de fatores relacionados ao paciente, modificáveis e não modificáveis, mas os parâmetros ventilatórios intra-operatórios certamente têm papel fundamental. Existem índices de oxigenação (IO) que podem ser úteis na avaliação do grau de lesão pulmonar.  Material e métodos:  Estudo prospectivo, descritivo, analítico, caso-controle. Pacientes que necessitaram de intervenção neurocirúrgica (urgente ou eletiva) e ventilação mecânica invasiva para o procedimento. Durante o período de 1o de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2018. Os pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram designados de 1 a 1 para pertencer ao grupo Vt Intermediário (&gt; 8 a &lt; 10 mL/kg de peso previsto) ou para o grupo Vt Baixo (6-8 mL/kg de peso previsto). A PEEP foi determinada por consideração do médico (anestesiologista).  Resultados:  No período considerado, foram incluídos 60 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Do total, 30 pacientes foram incluídos no grupo Vt Intermediário (VtI) e 30 pacientes no grupo Vt Baixo (VtB). A modalidade ventilatória mais utilizada foi o volume assistido-controlado (VAC) com 96.7% para VtI e 100% para VtB com p = 0.3. O Vt previsto em peso no grupo VtI teve média de 8.9 mL/kg e no grupo VtB média de 7.1 mL/kg com p = 0.001. A escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG) após a extubação foi de 14.3 pontos e 14.4 pontos para VtI e VtB sem diferença estatisticamente significativa.  Conclusão:  O uso de volume corrente intermediário (&gt; 8 a &lt; 10 mL/kg de peso previsto) em pacientes neurocirúrgicos causa alteração nos índices de oxigenação: PaO2/FiO2 e PaO2/PAO2. O nível de PEEP durante o período perioperatório de pacientes neurocirúrgicos não causa diferença significativa na escala de coma de Glasgow.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[volumen corriente bajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[volumen corriente intermedio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PEEP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escala de coma de Glasgow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxygenation rates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[low tidal volume]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intermediate tidal volume]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PEEP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Glasgow coma scale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[volume corrente baixo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[volume corrente intermediário]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[PEEP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[escala de coma de Glasgow]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slutsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History of mechanical ventilation: from vesalius to ventilator-induced lung injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>191</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1106-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilación mecánica: una breve historia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neumol Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>151-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical ventilation: past lessons and the near future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lellouche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brochard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patient-ventilator asynchrony during assisted mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1515-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettenuzzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Year in review: mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>629-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of mechanical ventilation on the pathophysiology of progressive acute lung injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Physiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1245-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuchnicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maciejewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilator-associated lung injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>164-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpa Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beiderlinden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of mortality and morbidity related to postoperative lung injury in patients who have undergone abdominal or thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1007-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpa Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schultz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraoperative ventilatory strategies to prevent postperative pulmonary cmplications: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Anesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>126-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frutos-Vivar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubmayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzueto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilator settings as a risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>922-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Protti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Votta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattinoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Which is the most important strain in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury: dynamic or static?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slutsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilator-induced lung injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>369</volume>
<page-range>2126-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patient safety. Identifying and managing complications of mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>451-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beiderlinden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between driving pressure and development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>272-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative respiratory impairment is a real risk for our patients: the intensivist&#8217;s perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiol Res Pract]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>3215923</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraoperative ventilation: incidence and risk factors for receiving large tidal volumes during general anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Anesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[KISS and indices of pulmonary oxygen transfer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>465-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La corrección del índice de oxigenación en los pacientes críticos al nivel de la ciudad de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Mex Med Crit y Ter Int]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>26-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenación como factores pronósticos en el síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Mex Med Crit y Ter Int]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>131-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jinadasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mueller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaefi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanafy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurocrit Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>174-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peris-Montalt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-García-Dihinx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Errando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de la ventilación mecánica intraoperatoria y de la ventilación de protección pulmonar en el paciente quirúrgico adulto. MÉD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UIS]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tortorella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Tullio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>282</volume>
<page-range>54-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>342</volume>
<page-range>1301-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpa Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binnekade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KCM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Determann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of a low vs intermediate tidal volume strategy on ventilator-free days in Intensive Care Unit patients without ARDS: a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>320</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1872-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubmayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraoperative tidal volume as a risk factor for respiratory failure after pneumonectomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>14-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217; Journo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doddoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papazian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protective ventilation influences systemic inflammation after esophagectomy: a randomized controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>911-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karcz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papadakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respiratory complications in the postanesthesia care unit: A review of pathophysiological mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Respir Ther]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>21-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guleria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of gas exchange deficit in the critically ill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care &amp; Pain]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>131-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artigas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<page-range>1332-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouellette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhazzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults: Executive Summary of an Official American College of Chest Physicians/American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>160-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés-Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda-Valladares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peniche-Moguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calyeca-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índices de oxigenación como predictores de fracaso en la extubación en pacientes críticamente enfermos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>131-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hortigüela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and PaO2/FiO2-introducing PEEP into the model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Intensiva]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>329-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sganga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovannini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boldrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pittiruti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The physiologic meaning of the respiratory index in various types of critical illness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Shock]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>179-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Templin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unreliability of oxygen tension-based indices in reflecting intrapulmonary shunting in critically ill patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1243-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Botoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero-Garvía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptos básicos sobre la fisiopatología cerebral y la monitorización de la presión intracraneal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shucart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respiratory dysfunction associated with traumatic injury to the central nervous system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chest Med]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>739-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corradi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Via]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined lung and brain ultrasonography for an individualized &#8220;brain-protective ventilation strategy&#8221; in neurocritical care patients with challenging ventilation needs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Constantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paugam-Burtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eurin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuschwander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>369</volume>
<page-range>428-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpa Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beiderlinden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binnekade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protective versus conventional ventilation for surgery: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>66-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
