<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-5691</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano. Revista interdisciplinaria en nanociencias y nanotecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-5691</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-56912021000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2021.26.69642</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mecanismos de desactivación de catalizadores heterogéneos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Deactivation mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysts]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Téllez-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarabia-Bañuelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolasco-Arizmendi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji Química Industrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-56912021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-56912021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-56912021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La desactivación catalítica es un problema serio en las diferentes secciones del proceso de refinación del petróleo, que causa la pérdida de actividad catalítica con respecto al tiempo de operación. La presente revisión está enfocada en los mecanismos de desactivación de catalizadores, tales como envenenamiento, ensuciamiento, degradación térmica y sinterización, degradación química y fallas mecánicas como el desgaste y el aplastado del catalizador, en el craqueo catalítico fluidizado (FCC), la hidrodesulfuración (HDS) y el reformado catalítico. Las causas de estos mecanismos de desactivación catalítica son químicos, térmicos y mecánicos. Se revisan las características y consideraciones clave para cada uno de estos tipos de mecanismos de desactivación. Además, el costo total por la desactivación catalítica aumenta gradualmente cada año debido al remplazo del catalizador gastado, generando miles de toneladas de desechos industriales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Catalytic deactivation is a serious problem in different sections of the oil refining process, causing loss of catalytic activity with respect to operating time. This review is focused on the deactivation catalyst mechanisms, such as poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation and sintering, chemical degradation and mechanical failures like attrition and crushing, in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and catalytic reforming. The causes of these deactivation catalyst mechanisms are chemical, thermal and mechanical. The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation mechanisms types are reviewed. Additionally, the total cost for catalyst deactivation is increasing gradually each year because of the replacement of spent catalyst, generating thousands of tons of industrial waste.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[catalizador heterogéneo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mecanismos de desactivación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desactivación catalítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heterogeneous catalyst]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deactivation mechanisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[catalytic deactivation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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