<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-7890</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Dilemas contemporáneos: educación, política y valores]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Dilemas contemp. educ. política valores]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-7890</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asesorías y tutorías para la investigación científica en la Educación Puig-Salabarría S.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-78902021000800119</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46377/dilemas.v9i.3032</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La vacunación y sus retos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vaccination and its challenges]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Guillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronelsys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>spe1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Las vacunas son productos biológicos contra enfermedades infecciosas por estímulo-respuesta inmunitaria, con impacto preventivo sanitario. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el proceso histórico de desarrollo de vacunas ante grandes procesos epidemiológicos y pandémicos con la indicación de sus principales retos sociales y tecnocientíficos. Desde el análisis documental, se trabaja con publicaciones actualizadas que presentan distintos criterios sobre tipos, mecanismos de acción, disponibilidad y nuevas proyecciones de tecnologías vacunales de carácter genéticas. De igual modo, se precisan los programas vacunales de erradicación anti-COVID-19 desarrollados, sus alcances y proyecciones. Se aporta una clasificación sobre los retos de las vacunas y la vacunación, cuya tipología incluye: los retos globales, nacionales, tecnocientíficos y éticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Vaccines are biological products against infectious diseases by immunological stimulus-response, with preventive health impact. The objective of the study was to characterize the historical process of development of vaccines against great epidemiological and pandemic processes with the indication of their main social and techno-scientific challenges. From the documentary analysis, we worked with updated publications presenting different criteria on types, mechanisms of action, availability and new projections of genetic vaccine technologies. Similarly, the anti-COVID-19 eradication vaccine programs developed, their scope and projections are specified. A classification is provided on the challenges of vaccines and vaccination, whose typology includes: global, national, techno-scientific and ethical challenges.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacunas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacuna genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacunación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacunas anti-COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[retos de las vacunas y la vacunación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic vaccine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anti-COVID-19 vaccines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[challenges of vaccines and vaccination]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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