<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-7459</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Horizonte sanitario]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Horiz. sanitario]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-7459</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-74592024000200275</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19136/hs.a23n2.5831</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Gasto de bolsillo en servicios odontológicos de personas mayores en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Out-of-pocket expenditure on dental services by elderly in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alba-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cigarroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Igor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavón-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Programa de la Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Arturo Prat Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Victoria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>275</fpage>
<lpage>283</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200275&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Determinar el gasto de bolsillo en servicios odontológicos (GBSO) y los factores que se asocian a éste, en las personas mayores (PM) en México.  Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, se hizo un análisis de los registros de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) del 2020 de las 32 Entidades Federativas de México. Se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas y el modelo de regresión Tobit para mostrar las variables que tuvieron efecto en el gasto de bolsillo.  Resultados:  17, 280,412 (13,6%) eran PM. El GBSO fue de US$ 325,04 (trimestral). Dichos gastos fueron por pago de consultas y tratamientos de rehabilitación (prótesis dentales, coronas). Los factores que se asociaron fueron; estado conyugal [casados (US$ 7,31 IC: 0,89-13,72 p=0.03) y viudos (US$ 7,323 IC: 3,05-11,587 p=0.001)]; nivel socioeconómico [A/B+ (US$ 29,409 IC: 9,78-49,03 p=0.003), C+ (US$ 19,479 IC: 4,614-34,344 p= 0.010) y C (US$ 25,736 IC: 6,393-45,079 p=0.009)] e ingreso trimestral por jubilaciones y pensiones (p=0.010).  Conclusiones: Los servicios odontológicos que ofrecen las instituciones públicas de salud, no cubren los tratamientos necesarios para resolver los problemas bucales de las PM. Por ello, deben asistir al servicio privado, lo que genera GBSO y afecta más a las PM con menor nivel socioeconómico e ingreso principalmente. La falta de atención contribuye al deterioro de las condiciones de salud, no permitiendo que los órganos dentarios cumplan sus funciones, lo que no favorece la calidad de vida, esencialmente la calidad de vida oral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: To determine the out-of-pocket expenditure on dental services (OOPE) and the factors associated with in, by elderly in Mexico.  Materials and method:  Cross-sectional study. We used data from ENIGH 2020 of the 32 states of Mexico. A database was constructed, and non-parametric tests and the Tobit regression model were applied to show the variables that had an effect on OOPE.  Results:  17,280,412 (13,6%) were elderly. The OOPE was US$ 325,04 (quarterly). These expenses were for payment of dental consultations and rehabilitation treatments (dental prostheses, crowns). The associated factors were; marital status [married (US$ 7,31 IC: 0,89-13,72 p=0.03) and widowed (US$ 7,323 IC: 3,05-11,587 p=0.001)]; socioeconomic status [A/B+ (US$ 29,409 IC: 9,78-49,03 p=0.003), C+ (US$ 19,479 IC: 4,614-34,344 p= 0.010) and C (US$ 25,736 IC: 6,393-45,079 p=0.009)] and quarterly income by retirement and retirement pension (p=0.010).  Conclusions:  The dental services public health institutions offer, do not cover the necessary treatments to solve elderly oral problems. As a result, they need to assist the private services, which generates OOPE and affects more to elderly with lower socioeconomic status and income. The lack of care, contributes to the deterioration of health conditions, not allowing teeth to fulfill their functions, which do not improve the quality of life, essentially oral health-related quality of life.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gasto de bolsillo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gasto directo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gasto en salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adulto mayor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Servicios públicos de salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Out-of-pocket]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Direct expenditure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health expenditure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elderly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Public health services]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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