<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-6576</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociedad y ambiente]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Soc. ambient.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-6576</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-65762017000200119</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Saneamiento descentralizado y reutilización sustentable de las aguas residuales municipales en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Decentralized Sanitation and Sustainable Reuse of Municipal Wastewater in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anda Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>14</numero>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>143</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-65762017000200119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-65762017000200119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-65762017000200119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A nivel global, 2 400 millones de personas carecen de acceso a servicios básicos de saneamiento, lo cual provoca que más del 80% de las aguas residuales se descarguen en ríos o vayan directo al mar sin ningún tipo de tratamiento. En México, el saneamiento de las aguas residuales municipales alcanzó el 52.72% en el año 2015, cifra que se encuentra por debajo de otros países de América Latina y el Caribe, en donde Argentina y Chile superan el 80% de cobertura del servicio. En 2013, México tenía un total de 2 287 Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR), de las cuales 548 (23.96%) estaban fuera de operación por ser obsoletas o porque los gobiernos municipales no tienen los recursos para ponerlas en operación. Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco y Campeche son algunos de los estados con más del 50% de sus plantas de tratamiento fuera de operación en el país. Las razones por las cuales los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales convencionales no están teniendo éxito en los países en desarrollo son las altas inversiones que se requieren para su instalación, los elevados consumos de energía, así como los altos costos de mantenimiento y operación. Por lo tanto, este tipo de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas no son sostenibles para comunidades de bajo nivel de ingresos, porque en el proceso de selección de los mismos no se consideró la conveniencia de la tecnología para la cultura de la comunidad, el clima local y la capacidad económica del municipio. Nuevas tecnologías basadas en procesos naturales de depuración de las aguas sanitarias y la reutilización de las mismas pueden ofrecer una perspectiva sustentable para el saneamiento de las aguas residuales en diversas comunidades y sectores económicos del país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Worldwide, 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation, meaning that over 80% of the wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or directly into the sea without any type of treatment. In Mexico, municipal wastewater treatment stood at 52.72% in 2015, lower than the figure for other countries in Latin American and Caribbean region, where Argentina and Chile have achieved over 80% of wastewater treatment. In 2013, Mexico had a total of 2 287 Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP), 548 of which were out of operation, accounting for 23.96% of the total number of facilities, because they were obsolete or municipal governments lacked the resources to run them. Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco and Campeche are some of the states with over 50% treatment plants out of operation. The reasons why conventional wastewater treatment systems are failing in developing countries are the high investments required for their installation, high energy consumption, as well as high maintenance and operating costs. These types of water treatment systems are therefore not sustainable for communities with low income levels because the selection process failed to consider the suitability of the technology for the community&#8217;s culture, the local climate or the municipality&#8217;s economic capacity. New technologies based on natural processes for wastewater treatment and its reuse can offer a sustainable perspective for wastewater treatment in various communities and economic sectors throughout the country.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento de aguas residuales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnologías sustentables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos naturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reutilización de las aguas tratadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wastewater treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable technologies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reuse of treated water]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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