<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982018000300443</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.1961</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phylogenetic position of Neotropical Bursera-specialist mistletoes: the evolution of deciduousness and succulent leaves in Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eydi Yanina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ornelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología Departamento de Biología Evolutiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico Departamento de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Ceiba Atlántida]]></addr-line>
<country>Honduras</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>443</fpage>
<lpage>461</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982018000300443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982018000300443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982018000300443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background: The phylogenetic relationships of the Bursera-host specialists Psittacanthus nudus, P. palmeri and P. sonorae (Loranthaceae) remain uncertain. These mistletoe species exhibit morphological and phenological innovations probably related to their dry habitats, so that determining their phylogenetic position is key on the understanding of factors associated with the morphological evolution within Psittacanthus.  Questions: (1) Is the evolution of some morphological innovations in the Bursera-host specialists associated with the ecological conditions linked to host diversification? (2) Does time of diversification in both lineages coincide?  Study species: Fourteen species of Psittacanthus.  Methods: Sequences of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL-trnF) markers are analyzed with Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods, and molecular dating under a Bayesian approach estimated to elucidate the phylogenetic position and divergence timing of the Bursera-host specialists.  Results: The Bursera-host specialists form a strongly supported clade, named here the &#8216;Bursera group&#8217;. The divergence time for the Bursera-host specialists was estimated at 7.89 Ma. Interestingly, phylogenetic relationships between P. nudus and P. palmeri, as currently circumscribed, were not fully resolved, making P. palmeri paraphyletic.  Conclusions: Based on these results, the plants collected by the type locality of P. nudus in Honduras should be named P. palmeri. The seasonal deciduousness of P. palmeri (including P. nudus) and morphology of P. sonorae (small size, fleshy leaves) are clearly adaptations to dry ecosystems where these species have lived for a long time. In parallel, the evolutionary history of these mistletoes seems to be correlated with the evolutionary history and diversification patterns of Bursera.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes: Las relaciones filogenéticas de los muérdagos especialistas de Bursera, Psittacanthus nudus, P. palmeri y P. sonorae (Loranthaceae), se mantienen inciertas. Estas especies en muérdago exhiben innovaciones fenológicas y morfológicas que están probablemente relacionadas a sus hábitats secos, por lo que determinar su posición filogenética es clave en el entendimiento de los factores asociados con la evolución morfológica en Psittacanthus.  Preguntas: (1) ¿Existe una asociación entre la evolución de algunas innovaciones morfológicas en los especialistas de Bursera y las condiciones ecológicas en las que ocurrió la diversificación de los hospederos? (2) ¿Coincide el tiempo de diversificación de ambos linajes?  Especies de estudio: Catorce especies de Psittacanthus.  Métodos: Secuencias de marcadores nucleares (ITS) y plástidos (trnL-trnF) se analizaron con métodos de inferencia Bayesiana, máxima verosimilitud y máxima parsimonia, y tiempo de divergencia usando un enfoque bayesiano estimado para elucidar la posición filogenética y tiempo de divergencia de estos especialistas de Bursera.  Resultados: Los especialistas de Bursera forman un clado bien soportado, denominado aquí como &#8216;grupo Bursera&#8217;. El tiempo de divergencia del &#8216;grupo Bursera&#8217; se estimó en 7.89 millones de años. Las relaciones filogenéticas entre especies, indicaron que P. palmeri es parafilético con respecto a P. nudus.  Conclusiones: Basados en estos resultados, las plantas colectadas cerca de la localidad tipo de P. nudus en Honduras deberían ser nombradas P. palmeri. La pérdida estacional de hojas en P. palmeri (incluyendo P. nudus) y la morfología de P. sonorae (tamaño pequeño, hojas suculentas) son claramente adaptaciones a los ecosistemas secos en donde estas especies han habitado desde hace mucho tiempo. En paralelo, la historia evolutiva de estos muérdagos parece estar correlacionada con la historia evolutiva y patrones de diversificación de Bursera.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bursera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[divergence time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Honduras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ITS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Loranthaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mistletoes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular clock]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neotropics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phylogeny]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psittacanthus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[systematics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[trnL-trnF]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bursera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filogenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Honduras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ITS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Loranthaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[muérdagos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neotrópicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Psittacanthus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reloj molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempos de divergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trnL-trnF]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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