<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4085</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de urología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. urol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4085</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Urología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40852023000200004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48193/revistamexicanadeurologa.v83i2.999</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Idiopathic urethral stricture in adolescents: A case series presentation and review of the literature]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estenosis uretral idiopática en la adolescencia. Presentación de una serie de casos y revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezalí-Barbancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tordable-Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Fraile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General de Segovia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Segovia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40852023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40852023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40852023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  To present our case series of idiopathic urethral stricture in adolescents, analyzing the treatments applied and the results obtained.  Methods:  A retrospective study of 7 patients with idiopathic urethral stricture treated at our center between 2000 and 2021 was performed.  Results:  The average age at the moment of surgery was 14.7 years. In 85% of cases the main symptom was voiding difficulty. The diagnosis was by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in five patients and by cystoscopy in two, locating the stricture in the anterior urethra in all cases. Six patients were treated with endoscopic urethrotomy and one with balloon dilation. Two patients recurred. The subsequent treatment in both cases was a second endoscopic urethrotomy and one of them required a posterior urethroplasty. Currently 6 out of 7 patients are asymptomatic and the patient who underwent urethroplasty is undergoing regular dilations.  Limitations:  The number of patients is limited due to the shortage of this pathology in childhood.  Value:  The available literature is quite limited. It is usually secondary to trauma or surgical interventions such as hypospadias repair. Idiopathic etiology represents less than a third of urethral strictures in adolescents and it causes the greatest controversy regarding its management.  Conclusions:  We should suspect idiopathic urethral stricture in childhood when symptoms appear, such as voiding difficulty in patients without previous pathologies. VCUG can help diagnosis, but a cystoscopy allows diagnosis and treatment at the same time. Endoscopic urethrotomy should be the treatment of choice for idiopathic strictures smaller than 1 cm, since the success rate is greater than 85%.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Presentar nuestra serie de casos de estenosis uretral idiopática en adolescentes, analizando los tratamientos aplicados y los resultados obtenidos.  Metodología:  Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 7 pacientes con estenosis uretral idiopática tratados en nuestro centro entre los años 2000 y 2021.  Resultados:  La edad media en el momento de la cirugía fue de 14.7 años. En el 85% de casos el síntoma principal fue la dificultad miccional. El diagnóstico fue por cistouretrografía miccional seriada (CUMS) en cinco pacientes, y por cistoscopia en dos, localizando la estenosis en uretra anterior en todos ellos. Seis pacientes se trataron mediante uretrotomía endoscópica y uno mediante dilatación con balón. Recidivaron dos pacientes. El tratamiento posterior en ambos casos fue una segunda uretrotomía endoscópica y uno de ellos precisó una uretroplastia posterior. Actualmente 6 de los 7 pacientes están asintomáticos y el paciente de la uretroplastia se está realizando dilataciones periódicas.  Limitaciones:  El número de pacientes es limitado debido a la escasez de esta patología en la infancia.  Valor:  La literatura disponible es bastante limitada. Habitualmente es secundaria a traumatismos o a intervenciones quirúrgicas como la reparación de hipospadias. La etiología idiopática representa menos de un tercio de las estenosis uretrales en adolescentes y es la que mayor controversia presenta en cuanto a su manejo.  Conclusiones:  Se debe sospechar estenosis uretral idiopática en adolescentes sin patologías previas si presentan síntomas como la dificultad miccional. La CUMS puede ayudar al diagnóstico pero una cistoscopia permite diagnosticar y tratar en el mismo acto. La uretrotomía endoscópica debe ser el tratamiento de elección ante estenosis idiopáticas menores de 1 cm, ya que la tasa de éxito es mayor del 85%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Idiopathic urethral stricture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adolescent]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endoscopic urethrotomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estenosis uretral idiopática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adolescentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uretrotomía endoscópica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral strictures in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Urol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>462-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koraitim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Urethral Strictures in Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>S71-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srivastava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashwin Shekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etiology and characteristics of pediatric urethral strictures in a developing country in the 21st century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>403.e1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FCL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinbrecher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aetiology and treatment of symptomatic idiopathic urethral strictures in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>215-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leadbetter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leadbetter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral strictures in male children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>146-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devereux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Treatment of Urethral Stricture in Boys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>489-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koontz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral Strictures in Boys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>217-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harshman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cromie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duckett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral Stricture Disease in Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>650-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral Strictures in Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1200-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madgar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldwasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H-B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral strictures in boys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belloli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campobasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Citarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cappellari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of urethral strictures in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Surg Int]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>344-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term followup of endoscopic management of urethral strictures in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>951-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monfort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bretheau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Benedetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bankole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethral stricture in children: treatment by urethroplasty with bladder mucosa graft]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1504-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faerber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of pediatric urethralstricture disease with the neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>264-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baez-Trinidad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lendvay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy for the Treatment of Pediatric Urethral Strictures: Analysis of 50 Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>952-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rourke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCAMMON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sumfest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open Reconstruction of Pediatric and Adolescent Urethral Strictures: Long-term Followup]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1818-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A Dewan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guide wire-assisted urethral dilation in pediatric urology: experience of a single surgeon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urol J]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>226-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Assmy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazeed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term outcome of visual internal urethrotomy for the management of pediatric urethral strictures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>595-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vashishtha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sureka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabhakaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors for recurrence after urethroplasty in pediatric and adolescent stricture urethra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>268-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Launonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sairanen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruutu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taskinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of visual internal urethrotomy in pediatric urethral strictures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>545-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoukry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abouela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ElSheemy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shouman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of holmium laser for urethral strictures in pediatrics: A prospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>42.e1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Currarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Uncommon Type of Bulbar Urethral Stricture, Sometimes Familial, of Unknown Cause: Congenital Versus Acquired]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>658-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palminteri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berdondini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Nunzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmignani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contemporary Urethral Stricture Characteristics in the Developed World]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>191-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sugimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakehi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamashita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taketa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ten cases of congenital urethral stricture in childhood with enuresis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Urol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>558-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sonourethrogram to Manage Adolescent Anterior Urethral Stricture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<numero>4S</numero>
<issue>4S</issue>
<page-range>1699-702</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vetterlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riechardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anterior Urethral Strictures in Children: Disease Etiology and Comparative Effectiveness of Endoscopic Treatment vs. Open Surgical Reconstruction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garibay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional Evaluation of the Results of Hypospadias Surgery with Uroflowmetry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>835-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfalzgraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isbarn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer-Moldenhauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W-H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riechardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etiology and outcome of the perineal repair of posterior and bulbar urethral strictures in children: A single surgeon experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Urology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>769-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pansadoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emiliozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal Urethrotomy in the Management of Anterior Urethral Strictures: Long-Term Followup]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xuewu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cilento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the Optimal Surgical Strategy for Bulbous Urethral Stricture in Boys?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>4S</numero>
<issue>4S</issue>
<page-range>1755-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gdor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gofrit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ON]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pode]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urethroplasty, by Perineal Approach, for Bulbar and Membranous Urethral Strictures in Children and Adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>430-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
