<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642025000100029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-25-6138</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Are the Heteromyidae paraphyletic? Molecular phylogenetics of extant geomyoid rodents]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lessa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Evolución]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The superfamily Geomyoidea includes the Geomyidae (pocket gophers: 7 genera, 42 species) and Heteromyidae (pocket mice, kangaroo mice, and kangaroo rats: 5 genera, 69 species). Analyses of both morphological and molecular data have confirmed the monophyly of the superfamily relative to other rodents but have cast doubts on the reciprocal monophyly of Geomyidae and Heteromyidae. The latter are recovered as paraphyletic in some, but not all molecular phylogenies, with low to moderate support for critical nodes. To test alternative hypotheses of geomyoid phylogenetic relationships, we searched NCBI databases and assembled four datasets: a) the 13 protein-coding mitochondrial DNA genes (7 genera, 13 species); b) the mitochondrial 12s, 16s, and COX1 loci (7 genera, 43 species); and two datasets of ultraconserved elements (UCEs; 6 genera, 9 species): c) one with 3,991 loci, allowing for up to 2 unrepresented taxa per locus, and d) another one reduced to 1,750 UCEs (with no missing data). In all cases, beavers were included as outgroups. Maximum likelihood analysis of both mitochondrial datasets were equivocal regarding heteromyid paraphyly, as support for the critical nodes was very low. In contrast, the trees obtained from UCE loci with both Maximum Likelihood and a multi-species coalescent method (wASTRAL) indicated that pocket gophers were sister to pocket mice (100 % bootstrap, local Posterior Probability of 1), to the exclusion of kangaroo rats, which formed a second, strongly supported clade (100 % bootstrap, local Posterior Probability of 1; Figure 3). These preliminary findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Heteromyidae are paraphyletic relative to Geomyidae. The inclusion of additional taxa (e. g., kangaroo mice) in the analyses is required to confirm these results.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La superfamilia Geomyoidea incluye Geomyidae (tuzas: 7 géneros, 42 especies) y Heteromyidae (ratones de abazones, ratones y ratas canguro: 5 géneros, 69 especies). Los análisis de datos tanto morfológicos como moleculares han confirmado la monofilia de la superfamilia con respecto a otros roedores, pero arrojaron dudas sobre la monofilia recíproca de Geomyidae y Heteromyidae. Estos últimos se recuperan como parafiléticos en algunas, pero no en todas, las filogenias moleculares, con un apoyo bajo a moderado para los nodos críticos. Para poner a prueba hipótesis alternativas sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de los geomioideos, buscamos en las bases de datos del NCBI y reunimos cuatro dos conjuntos de datos: a) los 13 genes del ADN mitocondrial que codifican proteínas (7 géneros, 13 especies); b) los loci mitocondriales 12s, 16s y COX1 (7 géneros, 43 especies); y dos conjuntos de datos de elementos ultraconservados (UCEs; 6 géneros, 9 especies): c) uno con 3,991 loci, permitiendo hasta 2 taxa no representados por locus; y d) otro con 1,750 UCEs (sin datos faltantes). En todos los casos, los castores fueron incluidos como grupo externo. El análisis de Máxima Verosimilitud de loci mitocondriales concatenados recuperó a Geomyidae y Heteromyidae como taxones hermanos, pero el apoyo de &#8220;bootstrap&#8221; para la monofilia de este último fue sólo del 55 %. Por el contrario, los árboles obtenidos de loci UCE, tanto con Máxima Verosimilitud como con un método coalescente para múltiples especies (wASTRAL) indicaron que las tuzas eran hermanas de los ratones de abazones (valor de &#8220;bootstrap&#8221; de 100%, Probabilidad Posterior local de 1), con exclusión de las ratas canguro, que formaban un segundo clado fuertemente apoyado (valor de &#8220;bootstrap&#8221; de 100%, Probabilidad Posterior local de 1). Estos hallazgos preliminares son consistentes con la hipótesis de que la familia Heteromyidae es parafilética con respecto a Geomyidae. Se requiere la inclusión de taxones adicionales (e. g., ratones canguro) en los análisis para confirmar estos resultados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Geomyidae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Geomyoidea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mitogenomes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[systematics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultraconserved elements]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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