<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642017000100083</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-17-453</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative efficiency of photographs and videos for individual identification of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in camera trapping]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hector]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urquijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación para la Investigación Conservación y Protección del Oso Andino (FundaciónWII)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bogotá]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-FML)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San Miguel de Tucumán]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Autónoma Regional del Guavio (CORPOGUAVIO)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Gachalá]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Identification of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) specimens is essential for obtaining demographic estimates of their populations. Camera traps are a noninvasive tool that allows such identification. The efficiency of using photographic or video records for identifying specimens of this species in a wild population in Colombia was compared. A total of 18 camera traps were operated from November 2011 through November 2013; each sample station included a single camera at 0.6 m height, with a bait placed 2 m in front of it at 1.5 m height. Four key external morphological features were chosen for identifying the specimens: Presence, shape and colour of facial; presence, shape and colour of pectoral markings; estimated body size; and sex. For each recording event, a visual file (photograph or video) was scored as ¨good¨ if it showed at least three key identification features, thus allowing the correct identification of the specimen; or as ¨bad¨ if it showed fewer than three features, making identification impossible. Successful recording events were those that included at least one good visual file (photograph or video). A total of 4,588 visual files were obtained: 4,324 photographs in 325 recording events and 264 videos in 260 recording events. 5.25 % of the photographs and 53.03 % of the videos were scored as good files. 26.77 % of the photograph-based and 49.62 % of the video-based recording events were successful. There were statistically significant differences between the percentage of good photographs and good videos obtained every time a camera trap was activated in the presence of a bear (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.0001). The low percentage of successful recording events obtained with photographs (26.77 %) compared to that obtained with videos (50.38 %), is consistent with results previously reported for this same species in Ecuador using photographs (25.00 %). The higher percentage of good videos (53.03 %) compared to that of good photographs (5.25 %), is consistent with the statistically significant difference found between the percentage of good photos and good videos obtained every time a camera trap was activated in the presence of a bear (Mann-Whitney, P=0.0001), and with results previously reported for the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus, 70.00 %) using sample stations including a single camera trap with video format. The use of video for recording Andean bear specimens allows the observation of individuals from different viewpoints and distances, even with the use of sample stations including a single camera trap, thus minimizing the effect of light reflection on the recognition of key identification features. Additionally, the video format allowed recognition of particular physical conditions, such as limp or rigid limbs in some specimens, which cannot be recognized in photographs. In this study case, information obtained with video records provides a greater ability to recognize individual marks in the specimens and to identify them.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La identificación de ejemplares de oso andino (Tremarctos ornatus) es indispensable para la realización de cálculos demográficos de sus poblaciones, y las cámaras trampa son una herramienta no invasiva que permite dicha identificación. Se examinaron comparativamente la efectividad del uso de fotos y videos en la identificación de ejemplares de esta especie en una población silvestre en Colombia. Se instalaron 18 cámaras trampa (noviembre 2011 - noviembre 2013), en estaciones de una sola cámara a 0.6 m de altura, con un cebo a 2 m de distancia y 1.5 m de altura. Se escogieron cuatro características morfológicas externas clave para la identificación de los individuos: presencia, forma y color de las manchas faciales; presencia, forma y color de las manchas pectorales; tamaño estimable; sexo. En cada evento de registro, se calificó como archivo visual (foto o video) bueno aquel que mostró &#8805; 3 características clave que permitieron la identificación, y como archivo malo aquel que mostró &lt; 3 características, en el cual no fue posible dicha identificación. Eventos de registro (de fotos o videos) exitosos fueron aquellos que contuvieron al menos un archivo visual bueno. Se obtuvieron 4,588 archivos visuales: 4,324 fotos en 325 eventos de registro y 264 videos en 260 eventos de registro. Para el formato de foto, 5.25 % fueron fotos buenas y 94.75 % malas. Para el formato de video, 53.03 % fueron videos buenos y 46.97 % malos. Para el formato de foto, 26.77 % eventos de registro fueron exitosos. Para el formato de video, 49.62 % eventos de registro fueron exitosos. Existió diferencia estadística entre el porcentaje de fotos buenas y videos buenos obtenidos cada vez que una cámara trampa se activó ante la presencia de un oso (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.0001). El bajo porcentaje de eventos de registro exitosos con el formato de foto (26.77 %) respecto al de video (50.38 %), concuerda con lo reportado previamente para esta especie en Ecuador mediante el uso de fotos (25.00 %). El alto porcentaje de videos buenos (53.03 %) respecto al de fotos buenas (5.25 %), es soportado por la diferencia estadística entre el porcentaje de fotos buenas y videos buenos obtenidos cada vez que una cámara trampa se activó ante la presencia de un oso (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.0001), y concuerda con lo reportado previamente para el oso negro asiático (Ursus thibetanus; 70.00 %) en estaciones de una cámara en formato de video. El registro de ejemplares con el formato de video permite la observación del individuo desde diferentes posiciones y distancias, incluso con el uso de una sola cámara trampa por estación, minimizando el efecto del reflejo de la luz sobre el reconocimiento de características clave para la identificación. Adicionalmente, el formato de video permitió reconocer condiciones físicas particulares como cojeo o extremidades rígidas en algunos individuos, aspectos no reconocibles mediante fotografías. En el caso de estudio, la información obtenida con el formato de video sugiere una mayor capacidad para el reconocimiento de marcas individuales de los ejemplares y su identificación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean bear]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[camera trapping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombian Andes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[specimen identification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Andean bear]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[camera trapping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombian Andes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[specimen identification]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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