<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-1124</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-1124</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-11242019000300778</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22319/rmcp.v10i3.4810</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eficacia del humo de frutos de Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) y vapores de timol para el control de Varroa destructor infestando abejas africanizadas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effectiveness of the smoke of fruits of Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) and vapors of Thymol for control of Varroa destructor infesting Africanized bees]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[May-Itzá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Abdelmir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Departamento de Apicultura]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>778</fpage>
<lpage>788</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-11242019000300778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-11242019000300778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-11242019000300778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se evaluó la eficacia del humo de los frutos secos de Guazuma ulmifolia y los vapores de timol en el control del ácaro Varroa destructor infestando colonias de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) de Yucatán. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos: Grupo 1 (G1), las colonias de abejas recibieron 5 a 8 bocanadas de humo de los frutos secos de G. ulmifolia dos veces por semana, durante un período de tres semanas; Grupo 2 (G2), las colonias recibieron 4-8 g de cristales de timol con tres aplicaciones cada siete días, y Grupo 3 (G3 o grupo control) las colonias no recibieron ningún tratamiento durante las tres semanas del experimento. Se colectaron 200 a 300 abejas adultas de cada colonia previo a la aplicación de los tratamientos (día 0) y a los 7, 14 y 21 días después de las aplicaciones, con la finalidad de determinar los niveles de infestación y eficacia de los tratamientos. Los resultados indican que los niveles de infestación de V. destructor en las abejas adultas disminuyeron al final del experimento (21 días) y fueron estadísticamente diferentes para los tres tratamientos, siendo menor para G2. La eficacia al final de los tratamientos fue de 41 y 69 %, para G1 y G2, respectivamente. Estos resultados corroboran que la aplicación de cristales de timol es una alternativa para el control del ácaro V. destructor en Yucatán, y que la aplicación del humo de los frutos secos de G. ulmifolia reduce los niveles de infestación de este parásito en comparación con las colonias que no recibieron ningún tipo de tratamiento (G3).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The mite Varroa destructor is a scourge in honey bee colonies worldwide. Conventional chemical-based control treatments can contaminate colony products and cause resistance in the parasite. Plant-source compounds are promising alternatives. The effectiveness of smoke from dried Guazuma ulmifolia fruit and vapors from thymol crystals was evaluated in control of V. destructor in colonies of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera) in Yucatan, Mexico. Three treatments were used during a three-week experimental period. In Group 1, colonies were administered five to eight puffs of smoke from dried G. ulmifolia fruits twice a week. In Group 2, they were administered 4-8 g of thymol crystals once a week. Group 3 was a control and received no treatment. Collections of 200 to 300 adult bees from each colony were done prior to treatment (day 0) and after treatment at 7, 14 and 21 d. These were processed to quantify colony infestation levels and treatment efficacy. Overall V. destructor infestation levels in adult bees decreased in all three groups after 21 d, with differences between treatments. Levels were lowest in Group 2, followed by Group 1 and the control. Efficacy at the end of the treatments was 41 % in Group 1 and 69% in Group 2. Compared to the control, application of thymol crystals provided the most effective alternative control method against V. destructor. However, regular application of G. ulmifolia fruit smoke also reduced mite infestation levels, and this resource has the advantage of being locally available.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guazuma ulmifolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Timol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Control alternativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Varroa destructor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Abejas africanizadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apis mellifera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guazuma ulmifolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thymol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alternative control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Varroa destructor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Africanized bees]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apis mellifera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Yucatan]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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