<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422014000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El problema de la medición en mecánica cuántica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>130</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422014000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422014000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422014000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La mecánica cuántica es quizás la teoría física más exitosa de la historia de la humanidad. Esto a pesar de que la estructura de la teoría es tal que, para utilizarla, es necesario introducir observadores externos al sistema de estudio. Esta característica llevó a influyentes creadores de la teoría a la conclusión de que la ciencia debe limitarse a describir lo que se observa y a olvidar la aspiración de construir una imagen completa del mundo. Sin embargo, en este texto mostramos que dicha posición no está justificada y que una mejor respuesta al problema es buscar nueva física que comparta el éxito empírico de la teoría estándar pero que corrija las limitaciones conceptuales. Más aún, presentamos tres alternativas concretas que (hasta cierto punto) logran lo anterior.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Quantum mechanics is probably the most successful physical theory in the history of humanity. This is so even though the structure of the theory is such that, in order to use it, it is necessary to introduce observers external to the studied system. This feature drove influential founders of the theory to the conclusion that science must limit itself to offer descriptions of what is observed and that it should forget the desire to construct a complete image of the world. However, in this text we show that such position is not justified and that a better answer to the problem is to look for new physics that shares the empirical success with the standard theory but which corrects its conceptual limitations. Moreover, we present three concrete alternatives that (up to a point) achieve the former.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mecánica cuántica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fundamentos de mecánica cuántica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[el problema de la medición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quantum mechanics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fundamentals of quantum mechanics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[measurement problem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Historia y filosof&iacute;a de la f&iacute;sica</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>El problema de la medici&oacute;n en mec&aacute;nica cu&aacute;ntica</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E. Okon</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de Investigaciones Filos&oacute;ficas, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico. Circuito Maestro Mario de la Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510, Coyoac&aacute;n, M&eacute;xico, D.F.</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:eokon@filosoficas.unam.mx">eokon@filosoficas.unam.mx</a></font>.</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 5 June 2014;    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	accepted 5 December 2014</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La mec&aacute;nica cu&aacute;ntica es quiz&aacute;s la teor&iacute;a f&iacute;sica m&aacute;s exitosa de la historia de la humanidad. Esto a pesar de que la estructura de la teor&iacute;a es tal que, para utilizarla, es necesario introducir observadores <i>externos</i> al sistema de estudio. Esta caracter&iacute;stica llev&oacute; a influyentes creadores de la teor&iacute;a a la conclusi&oacute;n de que la ciencia debe limitarse a describir lo que se observa y a olvidar la aspiraci&oacute;n de construir una imagen completa del mundo. Sin embargo, en este texto mostramos que dicha posici&oacute;n no est&aacute; justificada y que una mejor respuesta al problema es buscar nueva f&iacute;sica que comparta el &eacute;xito emp&iacute;rico de la teor&iacute;a est&aacute;ndar pero que corrija las limitaciones conceptuales. M&aacute;s a&uacute;n, presentamos tres alternativas concretas que (hasta cierto punto) logran lo anterior.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave</b><i>:</i> Mec&aacute;nica cu&aacute;ntica; fundamentos de mec&aacute;nica cu&aacute;ntica; el problema de la medici&oacute;n.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Quantum mechanics is probably the most successful physical theory in the history of humanity. This is so even though the structure of the theory is such that, in order to use it, it is necessary to introduce observers <i>external</i> to the studied system. This feature drove influential founders of the theory to the conclusion that science must limit itself to offer descriptions of what is observed and that it should forget the desire to construct a complete image of the world. However, in this text we show that such position is not justified and that a better answer to the problem is to look for new physics that shares the empirical success with the standard theory but which corrects its conceptual limitations. Moreover, we present three concrete alternatives that (up to a point) achieve the former.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords</b><i>:</i> Quantum mechanics; fundamentals of quantum mechanics; measurement problem.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 03.65.Ta; 01.70.+w; 03.65.&#45;w</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v60n2/v60n2a7.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Bibliograf&iacute;a</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1.&nbsp;D. Albert, <i>Quantum Mechanics and Experience.</i> (Harvard University Press, 1992).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462255&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2.&nbsp;R. Feynman, <i>The Character</i> <i>of</i> <i>Physical Law.</i> (Modern Library, 1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462257&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3.&nbsp;P. Dirac, <i>The Principles</i> <i>of</i> <i>Quantum Mechanics.</i> (Oxford University Press, 1930).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462259&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4.&nbsp;J. von Newmann, <i>Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik.</i> (1932).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462261&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5.&nbsp;J. 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Rosen, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>47</b> (1935) 777&#45;780.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462267&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8.&nbsp;C. Fuchs and A. Peres, <i>Phys. Tod.</i> <b>53</b> (2000) 70&#45;71.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462269&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9.&nbsp;O. Lombardi and D. 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Tod.</i> <b>23</b> (1970) 30.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462283&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">16.&nbsp;D. Albert and B. Loewer, <i>Synthese</i> <b>77</b> (1988) 195.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462285&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">17.&nbsp;W. Zurek, <i>Phys. Tod.</i> <b>44</b> (1991).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462287&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">18.&nbsp;E. Okon and D. Sudarsky, <i>"Measurements accordingto consistent histories" Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys.</i> <b>48</b> (2014) 7&#45;12.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462289&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">19.&nbsp;D. Wallace, <i>The Emergent Multiverse</i> (Oxford University Press, 2012).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8462291&pid=S1870-3542201400020000700019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">20.&nbsp;Un estado posee el valor <i>&#955;</i> de una propiedad representada por el operador <i>O</i> <i>si y s&oacute;lo si</i> ese estado es un eigenvector de <i>O</i> con eigenvalor &#955;.</font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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