<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422011000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design of 2nd order low-pass active filters by preserving the physical meaning of design variables]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval-Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta-Claros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios-Betancourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Unidad Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zapopan Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Panamericana-Campus Guadalajara Mecatronics Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zapopan ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is, by one hand, offer to students basics on active filter design by introducing the Butterworth approach as well as some practical examples not only to show the proposed design flow (DF), but also to show that the design flow's stages have physical meaning mainly supported on physical laws. With the help of these laws, further, it is shown how additional filter design specifications can be translated to the physical design without affect neither the design approach nor DF. On the other hand, because any physical implementation suffer of the non-idealities of electronic components, the modeling of some of them based on both experimental results and spice simulations is presented in order to show how unwanted effects may be added to the DF. An advantage of this proposal is that DF preserves the physical meaning of the design variables. The laboratory-based learning adopted in this work has allowed to students be able to understand physical concepts, capture and analyze experimental data, and use design tools in a correct way mainly to avoid "trial and error" approaches.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El propósito de este artículo es, por un lado, ofrecer a los estudiantes fundamentos del diseño de filtros activos usando la aproximación Butterworth y presentando ejemplos prácticos no solo para mostrar el flujo de diseño propuesto, sino también para mostrar que las etapas del diseño tiene un significado físico que esta soportado en leyes físicas. Con ayuda de esas leyes se muestra como otras especificaciones de diseño del filtro pueden ser incorporadas en el diseño físico sin afectar la aproximación de diseño ni el flujo mismo de diseño. Por otro lado, porque toda implementación física es afectada por las no idealidades de los componentes electrónicos, se presenta el modelado de varios de ellos soportado en datos de simulación spice y resultados experimentales a manera de mostrar como esa información se incorpora al flujo de diseño. Una ventaja de esta propuesta es que se conserva el significado físico de toda variable de diseño. El aprendizaje basado en el trabajo de laboratorio, que es la técnica adoptada en este trabajo, ha permitido a los estudiantes comprender conceptos físicos, capturar y analizar información experimental, y usar herramientas de diseño de manera correcta para evitar aproximaciones tipo "prueba y error".]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Filters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electric circuits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Filtros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[circuitos electrónicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Design of</b> <b><i>2<sup>nd</sup></i></b> <b>order low&#150;pass active filters by preserving the physical </b><b>meaning of design variables</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>F. Sandoval&#150;Ibarra<sup>a</sup>, M. Cuesta&#150;Claros<sup>b</sup>, R. Moreno&#150;Espinosa<sup>b</sup>, E. Ortiz&#150;Levy<sup>b</sup>, and L. Palacios&#150;Betancourt<sup>b</sup></b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>a</sup> Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n y de Estudios Avanzados&#150;Unidad Guadalajara, Av. Del bosque 1145, Col. El Baj&iacute;o, 45015 Zapopan, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico, e&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:sandoval@cts&#150;design.com">sandoval@cts&#150;design.com</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Mecatronics Engineering, Universidad Panamericana&#150;Campus Guadalajara, Calzada Circunvalaci&oacute;n Poniente 49, Col. Ciudad Granja, 45010 Zapopan, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 15 de diciembre de 2008    <br>     Aceptado el 17 de febrero de 2011</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The purpose of this paper is, by one hand, offer to students basics on active filter design by introducing the Butterworth approach as well as some practical examples not only to show the proposed design flow (DF), but also to show that the design flow's stages have physical meaning mainly supported on physical laws. With the help of these laws, further, it is shown how additional filter design specifications can be translated to the physical design without affect neither the design approach nor DF. On the other hand, because any physical implementation suffer of the non&#150;idealities of electronic components, the modeling of some of them based on both experimental results and spice simulations is presented in order to show how unwanted effects may be added to the DF. An advantage of this proposal is that DF preserves the physical meaning of the design variables. The laboratory&#150;based learning adopted in this work has allowed to students be able to understand physical concepts, capture and analyze experimental data, and use design tools in a correct way mainly to avoid "trial and error" approaches.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Filters; electric circuits; modeling.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El prop&oacute;sito de este art&iacute;culo es, por un lado, ofrecer a los estudiantes fundamentos del dise&ntilde;o de filtros activos usando la aproximaci&oacute;n Butterworth y presentando ejemplos pr&aacute;cticos no solo para mostrar el flujo de dise&ntilde;o propuesto, sino tambi&eacute;n para mostrar que las etapas del dise&ntilde;o tiene un significado f&iacute;sico que esta soportado en leyes f&iacute;sicas. Con ayuda de esas leyes se muestra como otras especificaciones de dise&ntilde;o del filtro pueden ser incorporadas en el dise&ntilde;o f&iacute;sico sin afectar la aproximaci&oacute;n de dise&ntilde;o ni el flujo mismo de dise&ntilde;o. Por otro lado, porque toda implementaci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica es afectada por las no idealidades de los componentes electr&oacute;nicos, se presenta el modelado de varios de ellos soportado en datos de simulaci&oacute;n spice y resultados experimentales a manera de mostrar como esa informaci&oacute;n se incorpora al flujo de dise&ntilde;o. Una ventaja de esta propuesta es que se conserva el significado f&iacute;sico de toda variable de dise&ntilde;o. El aprendizaje basado en el trabajo de laboratorio, que es la t&eacute;cnica adoptada en este trabajo, ha permitido a los estudiantes comprender conceptos f&iacute;sicos, capturar y analizar informaci&oacute;n experimental, y usar herramientas de dise&ntilde;o de manera correcta para evitar aproximaciones tipo "prueba y error".</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Filtros; circuitos electr&oacute;nicos; modelado.</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 84.30.Qi; 84.30.&#150;r; 85.40.Bh</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v57n1/v57n1a1.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. Wai&#150;Kai Chen, <i>Passive and Active Filters: Theory and Implementation</i> (Chapter 5, John Wiley &amp; Sons, USA, 1986).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454566&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. L. Mart&iacute;nez&#150;Alvarado, Master thesis <i>Electrical Engineering</i> (CINVESTAV&#150;Guadalajara Unit 2002).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454568&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. E. Sanchez&#150;Sinencio and M.L. Majewski,<i> IEEE Trans.</i> (Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS&#150;26, No. 6, June 1979) pp. 395.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454570&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. M. Alexander and D. F. Bowers, <i>Op&#150;amp macromodel proves superior in high&#150;frequency regions</i> (EDN, march 1, 1990). pp. 155.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454572&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. Ch. Desoer and E. Kuh, <i>Basic Circuit Theory</i> (Chapter 1, McGraw&#150;Hill, Singapore, 1993).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454574&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. J. Forcada, <i>El Amplificador Operacional</i> (Chapter 1, Alfaomega, M&eacute;xico, 1996).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454576&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. <a href="http://www.tanner.com/EDA/">http://www.tanner.com/EDA/</a>.</font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. D.H. Horrocks, <i>Circuitos con retroalimentacion y amplificadores operacionales</i> (Capitulo 7, Addison&#150;Wesley Iberoamericana, M&eacute;xico, 1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8454579&pid=S1870-3542201100010000100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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