<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422010000100015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de la incertidumbre en cantidades correlacionadas: aplicación al análisis elemental de aerosoles atmosféricos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>134</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422010000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422010000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422010000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Uno de los aspectos que frecuentemente se pasan por alto en la evaluación de la incertidumbre experimental es la posibilidad de que las cantidades involucradas en el proceso estén correlacionadas entre sí, por diversos factores. Un ejemplo de ello es el análisis elemental de aerosoles atmosféricos, con técnicas como la fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF, por sus siglas en inglés) o la emisión de rayos X inducida por partículas (PIXE). En estos casos, las concentraciones elementales medidas se usan para obtener información acerca de otras variables, como las contribuciones de fuentes correspondientes al suelo, sulfatas, potasio no proveniente del suelo o la materia orgánica, las cuales en muchas ocasiones tienen altas correlaciones entre sí. En este trabajo se describe, como ejemplo, el método requerido para la evaluación de la incertidumbre en variables determinadas a partir de cantidades correlacionadas, en un conjunto de muestras de aeropartículas colectadas en un sitio de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México y analizadas con PIXE. El proceso se basa en las recomendaciones de la Guide for the Evaluation of Uncertainty de la International Organization for Standardization.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[One of the aspects that are frequently overlooked in the evaluation of uncertainty in experimental data is the possibility that the involved quantities are correlated among them, due to different causes. An example is the elemental analysis of atmospheric aerosols using techniques like X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) or Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). In these cases, the measured elemental concentrations are highly correlated, and then are used to obtain information about other variables, such as the contributions from emitting sources related to soil, sulfate, non-soil potassium or organic matter. This work describes, as an example, the method required to evaluate the uncertainty in variables determined from correlated quantities from a set of atmospheric aerosol samples collected in the Metropolitan Area of the Mexico Valley and analyzed with PIXE. The work is based on the recommendations of the Guide for the Evaluation of Uncertainty published by the International Organization for Standardization.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Incertidumbre experimental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cantidades correlacionadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aerosoles atmosféricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PIXE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Experimental uncertainty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[correlated quantities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PIXE]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Evaluaci&oacute;n de la incertidumbre en cantidades correlacionadas: aplicaci&oacute;n al an&aacute;lisis elemental de aerosoles atmosf&eacute;ricos</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Espinosa, J. Miranda<sup>*</sup> y J.C. Pineda</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apartado Postal 20&#150;364, 01000 M&eacute;xico, D.F., M&eacute;xico, Tel: 52&#150;55&#150;5622&#150;5073; fax 52&#150;55&#150;5622&#150;5009.</i><sup>*</sup><i>e&#150;mail: </i><a href="mailto:miranda@fisica.unam.mx">miranda@fisica.unam.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 25 de enero de 2010    <br>   Aceptado el 6 de abril de 2010</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Uno de los aspectos que frecuentemente se pasan por alto en la evaluaci&oacute;n de la incertidumbre experimental es la posibilidad de que las cantidades involucradas en el proceso est&eacute;n correlacionadas entre s&iacute;, por diversos factores. Un ejemplo de ello es el an&aacute;lisis elemental de aerosoles atmosf&eacute;ricos, con t&eacute;cnicas como la fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF, por sus siglas en ingl&eacute;s) o la emisi&oacute;n de rayos X inducida por part&iacute;culas (PIXE). En estos casos, las concentraciones elementales medidas se usan para obtener informaci&oacute;n acerca de otras variables, como las contribuciones de fuentes correspondientes al suelo, sulfatas, potasio no proveniente del suelo o la materia org&aacute;nica, las cuales en muchas ocasiones tienen altas correlaciones entre s&iacute;. En este trabajo se describe, como ejemplo, el m&eacute;todo requerido para la evaluaci&oacute;n de la incertidumbre en variables determinadas a partir de cantidades correlacionadas, en un conjunto de muestras de aeropart&iacute;culas colectadas en un sitio de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de M&eacute;xico y analizadas con PIXE. El proceso se basa en las recomendaciones de la <i>Guide for the Evaluation of Uncertainty </i>de la <i>International Organization for Standardization.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Incertidumbre experimental; cantidades correlacionadas; aerosoles atmosf&eacute;ricos; PIXE.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">One of the aspects that are frequently overlooked in the evaluation of uncertainty in experimental data is the possibility that the involved quantities are correlated among them, due to different causes. An example is the elemental analysis of atmospheric aerosols using techniques like X&#150;ray Fluorescence (XRF) or Particle Induced X&#150;ray Emission (PIXE). In these cases, the measured elemental concentrations are highly correlated, and then are used to obtain information about other variables, such as the contributions from emitting sources related to soil, sulfate, non&#150;soil potassium or organic matter. This work describes, as an example, the method required to evaluate the uncertainty in variables determined from correlated quantities from a set of atmospheric aerosol samples collected in the Metropolitan Area of the Mexico Valley and analyzed with PIXE. The work is based on the recommendations of the <i>Guide for the Evaluation of Uncertainty </i>published by the <i>International Organization for Standardization.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Experimental uncertainty; correlated quantities; PIXE.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 06.20.Dk; 92.60.Mt; 32.30.Rj</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v56n1/v56n1a15.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Agradecimientos</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los autores reconocen la asistencia t&eacute;cnica de K. L&oacute;pez y F.J. Jaimes. Trabajo apoyado en parte por DGAPA&#150;UNAM (proyecto IN&#150;103307).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. Norma Mexicana NMX&#150;CH&#150;140&#150;IMNC&#150;2002: Gu&iacute;a para la expresi&oacute;n de incertidumbre en las mediciones (Instituto Mexicano de Normalizaci&oacute;n y Certificaci&oacute;n, A.C., M&eacute;xico, 2002).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8452718&pid=S1870-3542201000010001500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. <i>Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement </i>(International Organization of Standardization, Ginebra, 1993).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8452719&pid=S1870-3542201000010001500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. S.A.E. Johansson y J.L. Campbell, <i>PIXE: A Novel Technique for Elemental Analysis </i>(John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, 1988).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8452720&pid=S1870-3542201000010001500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. J. Miranda, I. Crespo y M.&Aacute;. Morales, <i>Environmental Science &amp; Pollution Research </i><b>7 </b>(2000) 14.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8452721&pid=S1870-3542201000010001500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. J. 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