<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-0578</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mexican law review]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mex. law rev]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-0578</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-05782023000100081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24485306e.2023.2.17618</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Institutional Deficiencies Which Cause Mexico&#8217;s 95% Impunity Rate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Corbin Aron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Florida International University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-05782023000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-05782023000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-05782023000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  According to reports released by México Evalúa in October of 2021, the current rate of impunity for violent crimes in Mexico is estimated to be 94.8% and this is occurring as the number of homicides and disappearances continues to rise nationwide. To understand how the country remains caught in a perpetual state of extreme violence requires a deeply complex and multi-faceted analysis to determine which specific institutional deficiencies in Mexico might be contributing to the rise and ongoing dominance of organized crime. This article seeks to provide a concise yet broad perspective from which to begin to answer such questions by addressing the problematic development of Mexico&#8217;s justice system from the adoption of the 1917 Constitution to the present day, the endemic corruption at all levels of government and security institutions, the tactical imbalances between law enforcement and organized crime due to misuse of funding and illegal arms trafficking, and the failed attempts at bilateral cooperation with the US despite the two nations&#8217; shared interest in disempowering the drug cartels. This comprehensive overview will provide a foundation from which possible solutions will be examined. These solutions include policy changes related to the relationship between the US and Mexico which could improve bilateral cooperation in combatting crime and corruption despite the recent diplomatic breakdown involving the US Drug Enforcement Agency&#8217;s arrest and subsequent release of Mexican General Salvador Cienfuegos. Reforms of the justice and law enforcement systems will then be explored which will include proposals that encourage the involvement of international institutions such as the United Nations Committee on Enforced Disappearances and the International Criminal Court.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Según informes difundidos por México Evalúa en octubre de 2021, la tasa actual de impunidad por delitos violentos en México se estima en 94.8% en medio de un aumento constante de homicidios y desapariciones a nivel nacional. Una explicación de cómo el país parece estar atrapado en un estado perpetuo de extrema violencia requiere una mirada profundamente compleja y multifacética sobre qué deficiencias institucionales en México podrían ser los factores que más contribuyen al establecimiento y dominio continuo del crimen organizado. Este artículo busca brindar una perspectiva concisa pero amplia desde la cual comenzar a responder tales preguntas al abordar el desarrollo problemático del sistema de justicia de México desde la constitución de 1917 hasta la actualidad, la corrupción endémica en todos los niveles del gobierno, las instituciones de seguridad, los desequilibrios tácticos entre la aplicación de la ley y el crimen organizado debido al mal uso del financiamiento y el tráfico ilegal de armas, fracasó en la cooperación bilateral con los Estados Unidos a pesar de una responsabilidad compartida en el empoderamiento de los cárteles de la droga. Esta descripción general proporciona una base a partir de la cual se exploran las soluciones que incluyen cambios de política en las relaciones entre los Estados Unidos y México que podrían mejorar la cooperación bilateral en la lucha contra el crimen y la corrupción tras la reciente ruptura diplomática que involucró el arresto y la posterior liberación del general mexicano Salvador Cienfuegos por parte de la Agencia Antidrogas de Estados Unidos. Con respecto a una reforma más eficaz del sistema de justicia y la aplicación de la ley, se han propuesto soluciones que involucran a instituciones internacionales como el Comité de las Naciones Unidas contra las Desapariciones Forzadas y la Corte Penal Internacional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Impunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organized crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corruption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forced disappearances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bilateral cooperation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Impunidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crimen organizado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrupción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desapariciones forzadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cooperación bilateral]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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