<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-0063</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Andamios]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Andamios]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-0063</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Colegio de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-00632021000100247</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29092/uacm.v18i45.818</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sobre los silencios: refugiados salvadoreños ayer y hoy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leisy J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odriozola Monzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ethel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de California en Los Ángeles  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>45</numero>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>269</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-00632021000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-00632021000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-00632021000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La intervención económica y militar de Estados Unidos en El Salvador estableció las condiciones para la migración masiva desde la década de 1980. Tanto entonces como ahora, a pesar de las violaciones de derechos humanos ampliamente documentadas, el gobierno de Estados Unidos se niega a reconocer a personas salvadoreñas como refugiados. Entrelazando lo personal y lo político, este ensayo analiza los paralelismos de la violencia contra los refugiados en la década de 1980 y en el presente. Asimismo, estudia los silencios generados a partir de la negación del terrorismo de Estado y las consecuencias políticas y colectivas de esos silencios para las personas salvadoreñas en Estados Unidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[El Salvador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centroamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terrorismo de Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[personas refugiadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sacrificing Families: Navigating Laws, Labor, and Love Across Borders]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ACNUR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Children on the Run: Unaccompanied Children Leaving Central America and Mexico and the Need for International Protecti]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ACNUR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Mujeres en fuga: relatos de primera mano de refugiadas que huyen de El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y México]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Waves of Protest: Popular Struggle in El Salvador, 1925-2005]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mineápolis, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Minnesota Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fursland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zelwer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Gender-Specific Terror of El Salvador and Guatemala: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Central American Refugee Women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Women&#8217;s Studies International Forum]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>37-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Roots of Rebellion: Land and Hunger in Central America]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[South End Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why Mothers are on Strike at Karnes Immigrant Detention Center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colorlines]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárcamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hijos de la Diáspora. Por la Paz y la Democracia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[El Salvador y Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Syracuse y Centro de la Memoria Histórica Salvadoreña]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárcamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los eternos indocumentados]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[El Salvador y Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Human Rights Alliance for Child Refugees &amp; Families, UC Critical Refugees Studies Collective, Harvard University Schlesinger Library]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas-Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobarrubias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Genova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grappi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New Keywords: Migration and Borders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coutin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From Refugees to Immigrants: The Legalization Strategies of Salvadoran Immigrants and Activists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Migration Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>901-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coutin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants&#8217; Struggle for U.S. Residency]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coutin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Place and Presence Within Salvadoran Deportees&#8217; Narratives of Removal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Childhood]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>323-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Miguel Mármol: Los sucesos de 1932 en El Salvador]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[El Salvador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UCA Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ertll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hope in Times of Darkness: A Salvadoran American Experience]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hamilton Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lynchings and the Democratization of Terror in Postwar Guatemala: Implications for Human Rights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Rights Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>640-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomberg-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hardship Politics: The Strategic Sharing of Migration Stories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Contemporary Ethnography]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzáles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What&#8217;s in a Name? The Nature of the Individual in Refugee Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Refugee Studies]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>471-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unaccompanied Child Migrants in &#8216;crisis&#8217;: New Surge or Case of Arrested Development?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>11-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izcara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violencia postestructural: migrantes centroamericanos y cárteles de la droga en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>12-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The State Construction of Affect: Political Ethos and Mental Health Among Salvadoran Refugees]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>39-165</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guatemala-U.S. Migration: Transforming Regions]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Austin, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Texas Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaFeber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[W.W. Norton]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping the New Solidarity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NACLA Report on the Americas]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Baró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acción e ideología: Psicología social desde Centroamérica]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Salvador, El Salvador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UCA Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ó.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los migrantes que no importan: En el camino con los centroamericanos indocumentados en México]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ó.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[History of Violence: Living and Dying in Central America]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Verso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menjívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fragmented Ties: Salvadoran Immigrant Networks in America]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menjívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants&#8217; Lives in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>999-1037</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menjívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Legal Violence: Immigration Law and the Lives of Central American Immigrants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1380-424</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasnain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niebauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barriers to Healthcare Access Among Refugees with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions Resettled in the US Midwest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>733-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moodie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Salvador in the Aftermath of Peace: Crime, Uncertainty, and the Transition to Democracy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Filadelfia, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pennsylvania Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Undocumented, Unafraid and Unapologetic: Re-articulatory Practices and Migrant Youth &#8216;illegality&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latino Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>259-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Changing Women, Changing Nation: Female Agency, Nationhood, and Identity in Trans-Salvadoran Narratives]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Albany, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[State University of New York Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Texas Grants Child Care License to Migrant Detention Center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York Times]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Him]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twelve-year Follow-up Study of Khmer Youths Who Suffered Massive War Trauma as Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1173-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The Mesoamerican Working Group</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Rethinking the Drug War in Central America and Mexico: Analysis and Recommendations for Legislators]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAWG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre el terror y la violencia política en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia en una sociedad en transición]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>46-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Salvador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Saving Souls Transnationally: Pentecostalism and Youth Gangs in El Salvador and the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Globalizing the Sacred: Religion Across the Americas]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nuevo Brunswick, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rutgers University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villacorta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tablas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Migración internacional, niñez y adolescencia en El Salvador]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Salvador, El Salvador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo y Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores a través del Vice Ministerio para los Salvadoreños en el Exterior]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viterna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulled, Pushed, and Persuaded: Explaining Women&#8217;s Mobilization into the Salvadoran Guerrilla Army]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menjívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impunity and Multisided Violence in the Lives of Latin American Women: El Salvador in Comparative Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Sociology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weitzhandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporary Protected Status: The Congressional Response to the Plight of Salvadoran Aliens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[University of Colorado Law Review]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<numero>64</numero>
<issue>64</issue>
<page-range>249-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contextualizing Private Violence Against Sexual Minorities as Gendered Violence: An International and Comparative Law Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Albany Law Review]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>60</numero>
<issue>60</issue>
<page-range>989-1050</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zilberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fools Banished from the Kingdom: Remapping Geographies of Gang Violence Between the Americas (Los Ángeles y San Salvador)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>759-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
