<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232009000200010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified FeAICr intermetallic compound]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez-Islas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garnica-Romo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas-Alatorre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Química Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México DF]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México DF]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Facultad de Ingeniería Civil ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Morelia Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México DF]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Químicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>243</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232009000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232009000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232009000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this work results regarding microstructural characterization of a melt-spun intermetallic compound Fe40Al5Cr (% at.) produced by rapid solidification employing the melt spinning technique at three different tangential wheel speeds (12, 16 and 20 ms-1) are presented. Melt spun ribbons were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to observe morphology, grain size, ribbon thickness and also fracture surfaces after tensile tests. EDS coupled to SEM was employed to perform punctual and scan line chemical analyses on samples, x-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to identify crystal structure and phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to confirm crystal structure and also to characterize nanopores formed in the specimens by vacancy clustering. With regard to mechanical properties, micro hardness Vickers measurements as well as tensile tests at room temperature were applied to the rapidly solidified ribbons. The grain size of rapidly solidified Fe40Al5Cr ribbons suffered a drastic reduction as compared with alloys of the same composition produced by conventional melting and casting methods, and in melt-spun ribbons it decreases as the wheel speed increases. Punctual and line-scanning chemical analyses revealed that Cr enters in solid solution in FeAl matrix. Hardness measurements revealed a softening in rapidly solidified FeAlCr ribbons as compared with FeAl alloys and tensile test exhibited a (transgranular + intergranular) mode of fracture, reaching up to 3 % of elongation in FeAlCr alloys. The presence of porous (meso and nano) were also characterized.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se presentan resultados concernientes a la caracterización microestructural de cintas de aleación Fe40Al5Cr que fueron producidas mediante solidificación rápida empleando la técnica de melt-spinning (rueda girante), a tres diferentes velocidades tangenciales de rueda (12, 16 y 20 ms-1). Las cintas solidificadas rápidamente fueron caracterizadas mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica, con el propósito de observar morfología, tamaño de los granos y espesor de las cintas y también observar las superficies de fractura despues de los ensayos de tensión en las cintas metálicas. Asimismo, se realizaron análisis químicos puntuales mediante EDS y de barrido en línea, también se realizaron análisis de rayos X (DRX) con el objeto de determinar la estructura cristalina, constantes de red y fases. De la misma manera, los especímenes se observaron mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET) con la finalidad de confirmar la estructura cristalina y caracterizar nanoporos formados en los especímenes originados por la aglomeración de vacancias. Respecto a las propiedades mecánicas, las cintas fueron sometidas a ensayos de dureza y tensión a temperatura ambiente en aire. Se observó que el tamaño de grano de las cintas solidificadas rápidamente sufrió un considerable decremento en comparación con aleaciones de la misma composición producida por métodos convencionales de producción, además, tanto el espesor de las cintas como el tamaño de grano se redujeron con el incremento de velocidad de rueda o rapidez de enfriamiento. Los análisis químicos puntuales y de barrido en línea revelaron que el cromo entra en solución sólida en la matriz FeAl. Los mesoporos superficiales, así como también los nanoporos observados en el interior de las cintas fueron caracterizados mediante microscopía electrónica. Los ensayos de dureza revelaron un ablandamiento del material en las cintas de aleación ternaria FeAlCr en comparación con cintas de aleación binaria FeAl producidas por solidificación rápida. Los ensayos de tensión revelaron un modo de fractura mixto (intergranular + transgranular) con un 3 % de elongación total.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rapid-solidification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[melt-spun-ribbons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microstructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical properties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[porous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Solidificación rápida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cintas solidificadas rápidamente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microestructura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[propiedades mecánicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poros]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified FeAICr intermetallic compound</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R. A. Rodr&iacute;guez&#150;D&iacute;az *<sup>1,2</sup>, M. Su&aacute;rez<sup>1</sup>, J. Ju&aacute;rez&#150;Islas<sup>2</sup>, M. G. Garnica&#150;Romo<sup>3</sup>, J. Arenas&#150;Alatorre<sup>4</sup>, J. Col&iacute;n<sup>5</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Departamento de Ingenier&iacute;a Metal&uacute;rgica, Facultad de Qu&iacute;mica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, (UNAM). Circuito Institutos s/n Edificio D, Ciudad Universitaria, M&eacute;xico 04510 DF, M&eacute;xico. *</i><a href="mailto:rardiaz@iim.unam.mx">rardiaz@iim.unam.mx</a></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Cd. Universitaria, M&eacute;xico, DF 04510, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3</sup> Facultad de Ingenier&iacute;a Civil, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoac&aacute;n. 58000, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>4</sup> Instituto de F&iacute;sica, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Cd. Universitaria, M&eacute;xico, DF 04510, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>5</sup> Facultad de Ciencias Qu&iacute;micas, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos. C. P. 62209.</i></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this work results regarding microstructural characterization of a melt&#150;spun intermetallic compound Fe40Al5Cr (% at.) produced by rapid solidification employing the melt spinning technique at three different tangential wheel speeds (12, 16 and 20 ms<sup>&#150;1</sup>) are presented. Melt spun ribbons were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to observe morphology, grain size, ribbon thickness and also fracture surfaces after tensile tests. EDS coupled to SEM was employed to perform punctual and scan line chemical analyses on samples, x&#150;ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to identify crystal structure and phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to confirm crystal structure and also to characterize nanopores formed in the specimens by vacancy clustering. With regard to mechanical properties, micro hardness Vickers measurements as well as tensile tests at room temperature were applied to the rapidly solidified ribbons. The grain size of rapidly solidified Fe40Al5Cr ribbons suffered a drastic reduction as compared with alloys of the same composition produced by conventional melting and casting methods, and in melt&#150;spun ribbons it decreases as the wheel speed increases. Punctual and line&#150;scanning chemical analyses revealed that Cr enters in solid solution in FeAl matrix. Hardness measurements revealed a softening in rapidly solidified FeAlCr ribbons as compared with FeAl alloys and tensile test exhibited a (transgranular + intergranular) mode of fracture, reaching up to 3 % of elongation in FeAlCr alloys. The presence of porous (meso and nano) were also characterized.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Rapid&#150;solidification, melt&#150;spun&#150;ribbons, microstructure, mechanical properties, porous.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo se presentan resultados concernientes a la caracterizaci&oacute;n microestructural de cintas de aleaci&oacute;n Fe40Al5Cr que fueron producidas mediante solidificaci&oacute;n r&aacute;pida empleando la t&eacute;cnica de melt&#150;spinning (rueda girante), a tres diferentes velocidades tangenciales de rueda (12, 16 y 20 ms<sup>&#150;1</sup>). Las cintas solidificadas r&aacute;pidamente fueron caracterizadas mediante microscop&iacute;a &oacute;ptica y electr&oacute;nica, con el prop&oacute;sito de observar morfolog&iacute;a, tama&ntilde;o de los granos y espesor de las cintas y tambi&eacute;n observar las superficies de fractura despues de los ensayos de tensi&oacute;n en las cintas met&aacute;licas. Asimismo, se realizaron an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;micos puntuales mediante EDS y de barrido en l&iacute;nea, tambi&eacute;n se realizaron an&aacute;lisis de rayos X (DRX) con el objeto de determinar la estructura cristalina, constantes de red y fases. De la misma manera, los espec&iacute;menes se observaron mediante microscop&iacute;a electr&oacute;nica de transmisi&oacute;n (MET) con la finalidad de confirmar la estructura cristalina y caracterizar nanoporos formados en los espec&iacute;menes originados por la aglomeraci&oacute;n de vacancias. Respecto a las propiedades mec&aacute;nicas, las cintas fueron sometidas a ensayos de dureza y tensi&oacute;n a temperatura ambiente en aire.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se observ&oacute; que el tama&ntilde;o de grano de las cintas solidificadas r&aacute;pidamente sufri&oacute; un considerable decremento en comparaci&oacute;n con aleaciones de la misma composici&oacute;n producida por m&eacute;todos convencionales de producci&oacute;n, adem&aacute;s, tanto el espesor de las cintas como el tama&ntilde;o de grano se redujeron con el incremento de velocidad de rueda o rapidez de enfriamiento. Los an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;micos puntuales y de barrido en l&iacute;nea revelaron que el cromo entra en soluci&oacute;n s&oacute;lida en la matriz FeAl. Los mesoporos superficiales, as&iacute; como tambi&eacute;n los nanoporos observados en el interior de las cintas fueron caracterizados mediante microscop&iacute;a electr&oacute;nica. Los ensayos de dureza revelaron un ablandamiento del material en las cintas de aleaci&oacute;n ternaria FeAlCr en comparaci&oacute;n con cintas de aleaci&oacute;n binaria FeAl producidas por solidificaci&oacute;n r&aacute;pida. Los ensayos de tensi&oacute;n revelaron un modo de fractura mixto (intergranular + transgranular) con un 3 % de elongaci&oacute;n total.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Solidificaci&oacute;n r&aacute;pida, cintas solidificadas r&aacute;pidamente, microestructura, propiedades mec&aacute;nicas, poros.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v7n2/v7n2a10.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>References</i></b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; J. H. Westbrook, R. L. Fleischer, editors. Intermetallic compounds: vol. 1, Principles, J. Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York, 1994, pp. 977&#150;1016.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821223&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; P. F. Tortorelli, K. Natesan, Critical Factors Affecting the High&#150;Temperature Corrosion Performance of Iron Aluminides, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A258, 1998, pp.115&#150;125.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821225&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; N.S. Stoloff, V.K. Sikka, Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Intermetallic Compounds, Chapman &amp; Hall, 1996, pp. 56&#150;89</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821227&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93; R. Balasubramaniam, Alloy Development to Minimize Room Temperature Hydrogen Embrittlement in Iron Aluminides, Journal of Alloys and compounds, Vol. 31, 1997, pp. 148&#150;151.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821228&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;10&#93; R. Nakamura, K. Yoshimi, S. Tsurekahua, Supersaturated Vacancies and Vacancy Complexes in Rapidly Solidified B2 Aluminide Ribbons, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vols. 449&#150;451, 2007, pp. 1036&#150;1040</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821240&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;11&#93; K. Yoshimi, S. Hanada, T. Haraguchi, H. Kato, T. Itoi and A. Inoue, Nanoporous surfaces of FeAl formed by vacancy clustering, Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 99, 2002, pp. 2897&#150;2902.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821241&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;12&#93; D. G. Morris and M. A. Morris, Mechanical Properties of FeAl&#150;ZrB2 Alloys Prepared by Rapid Solidification, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 39, No. 8, 1991, pp. 1771&#150;1779.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821243&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;13&#93; D. G. Morris and M. A. Morris, Rapid Solidification of FeAl intermetallics containing ZrB2, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A134, 1991, pp. 1129&#150;1132</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821245&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;14&#93; R. A. Rodr&iacute;guez D., Ph. D., Thesis, UNAM, (2009).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821246&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;15&#93; J. H. Schneibel, E. P. George and I. M. Anderson, Tensile Ductility, Slow Crack Growth, and Fracture Mode of Ternary B2 Iron Aluminides at Room Temperature, Intermetallics, Vol. 5, 1997, pp. 185&#150;193.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4821248&pid=S1665-6423200900020001000015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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