<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5346</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de economía y finanzas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. econ. finanz]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5346</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-53462018000100027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21919/remef.v13i1.258</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un enfoque comparativo sobre la integración y apertura comercial en el crecimiento económico de la Unión Europea y América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Comparative Approach to Integration and Trade Openness in the Economic Growth of the European Union and Latin America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villagra-Piña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Posgrado de la Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Posgrado de la Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM FES-Acatlán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-53462018000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-53462018000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-53462018000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en probar si la integración económica y la apertura comercial en los países de la Unión Europea (UE) y América Latina (AL), ayudaron a aliviar los desequilibrios de balanza de pagos previos. La principal contribución del trabajo descansa en el análisis comparativo entre la UE y AL en dos periodos distintos de tiempo (de acuerdo con su integración económica) utilizando la técnica de panel cointegrados de Westerlund (2007 y 2008) para probar la validez de la ley de Thirlwall. Con los resultados, se encontró que los precios relativos no influyeron de manera relevante en los periodos de integración y apertura comercial, por lo que resultó más adecuado trabajar con el &#8220;multiplicador dinámico del comercio&#8221; de Harrod. Es importante mencionar que, aunque el enfoque contrafactual se aplica a momentos históricos de Europa y América Latina distintos, con sus resultados se pudo concluir que la integración económica ayudó a aliviar los desequilibrios de balanza de pagos en los países europeos y la apertura comercial provocó un mayor crecimiento compatible con el equilibrio de balanza de pagos, para la mayoría de los países de América Latina.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this research is to prove whether Economic Integration and Trade Openness in countries of the European Union (EU) and Latin America (LA) helped alleviate previous Balance of Payments imbalances. The main contribution of the work consists on the comparative analysis between the EU and LA in two different periods of time (according to their economic integration) using the Westerlund panel cointegration technique (2007 and 2008) to prove the validity of Thirlwalls Law. The results show that the relative prices are not relevant in periods of Economic Integration and Trade Openness, consequently it was more appropriate to work with Harrods Dynamic Trade Multiplier. It is important to mention that, although the counterfactual approach is applied to different historical moments in Europe and Latin America, the results showed that the Economic Integration helped alleviate the Balance of Payments imbalances in European countries and Trade Openness caused a greater growth compatible with the Balance of Payments equilibrium for most Latin American countries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Integración económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apertura comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Restricción de Balanza de Pagos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Países de Unión Europea y América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F13]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F17]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F43]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trade Openness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Balance-of-Payments Restraint]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[European Union Countries and Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F13]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F17]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[F43]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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