Effect of the fluidized bed drying on the sturcture and biosorption capability of Pb+2 of agave epidermis
Efecto del secado por lecho fluidizado en la estructura y capacidad de biosorción de Pb+2 de epidermis de agave
M.T. Hernández-Botello1, J.J. Chanona-Pérez1*, J.A. Mendoza-Pérez2, M. Trejo-Valdez3, G. Calderón-Domínguez1, J.L. Barriada Pereira4, M.E. Sastre de Vicente4, M.J. Perea-Flores5, E. Terres-Rojas6
1 Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica. * Corresponding author. E-mail: jorge chanona@hotmail.com
]]> 2 Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales ENCB.3 ESIQIE, IPN, México, D.F.
4 Departamento de Química Física e Enxeñería Química I, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain.
5 Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, IPN, México, D.F.
6 Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica de Ultra Alta Resolución, IMP, México D.F.
Received May 29, 2014;
Accepted June 23, 2014.
Abstract
]]> A fluidized bed drying study of agave epidermis obtained from wastes of the "pulque" manufacture was made. Drying kinetics modeling and the influence of the operation conditions on the shrinkage, micro structure and biosorption capability of Pb+2 were studied. Drying kinetics was carried out at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. Six semi-empirical models were tested and diffusion approach model provided the best fits. Effective diffusivity varied from 3.73xl0-9 to 6.99x10-9 m2s-1, for untreated slabs (UT) and from 3.65x 10-9 to 7.74x10-9 m2s-1 for treated samples (T) with hydrochloric acid. Activation energy was found to be 21.22 and 23.89 kJ/mol for UT and T samples respectively. Shrinkage and the microstructure changes of T slabs were larger than UT samples. T samples dried at 70 and 80 °C showed a reduction in their Pb+2 biosorption capability, caused by a large shrinkage and severe microstructural changes. For UT samples their biosorption capability was increased in relation with increase of the shrinkage and drying temperature. T samples dried at 50 and 60 °C improved their biosorption capability of Pb+2, while UT samples dried at 70 and 80 °C showed a better biosorption capability. These results can be useful for preparation of biosorbents.Keywords: Agave epidermis, fluidized bed drying, shrinkage, microstructure, biosorption.
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio de secado en lecho fluidizado de epidermis de agave obtenida de desechos de la fabricación del "pulque". Se efectuó el modelado de las cinéticas de secado y se estudió la influencia de las condiciones de operación sobre el encogimiento, microestructura y capacidad de biosorción de Pb+2. Las cinéticas fueron hechas a 50, 60, 70 y 80 °C. Seis modelos semi-empíricos fueron probados y el de aproximación a la difusión proporcionó los mejores ajustes. La difusividad efectiva cambio desde 3.73x10-9 a 6.99x10-9 m2s-1 para las placas sin tratar, y desde 3.65x10-9 a 7.74x10-9 m2s-1 para las muestras tratadas con ácido clorhídrico. La energía de activación fue de 21.22 kJ/mol para las muestras sin tratar y 23.89 kJ/mol para las muestras tratadas. El encogimiento y los cambios microestructurales fueron más drásticos en las placas tratadas en comparación con las rebanadas sin tratamiento ácido. El material tratado y secados a 70 y 80 °C, mostro una reducción en su capacidad de biosorción de Pb+2, que fue causado por los cambios microestructurales y un encogimiento severo. Para la muestras sin tratamiento su capacidad de biosorción se incrementó con el encogimiento y la temperatura de secado. Las muestras tratadas y secadas a 50 y 60 °C, mejoraron su capacidad de biosorción. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para la preparación de biosorbentes.
Palabras clave: epidermis de agave, secado por lecho fluidizado, encogimiento, microestructura, biosorción.
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Acknowledgments
]]> Mayuric Teresa Hernández Botello wishes to thank CONACYT for the scholarship provided for her studies and international stay. This research was funded through projects 20110627 and 20121001, 20120789, 20130333 and 20140387 at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (SIP-IPN México) and 133102 of CONACYT.
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